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9 hours ago, bigwave said:

The "plane" that cause the holes in PA some how "designated" with all the people and all of the luggage.

Actually the goberment explanation was that the plane and all of the people and all of the luggage "vaporized".

 

What a real plane crash looks like:

 

Kozhikode-Plane-Crash-expe.jpg

or

http://www.airplanegame.us/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/iran_air_plane_crash.jpeg

 

All's I'm saying is that something is fishy with some of the stories the "experts" throw at us.

 

Like Grandma use to say "If it smells like somethings dead down by the creek bank, you can bet your bottom dollar there is something dead down there."

 

Peace to all,

 

Come on RV.

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On 3/12/2021 at 10:45 AM, ladyGrace'sDaddy said:

Sooooooo,  Am I to understand that in this issue you won't take it to God because it's 'Stupid' and you already know what you know? Just like every single person I've ever asked. Therefore, let me give you two more scriptures, 

 

Sure. We should take pretty much EVERYTHING to God.

 

Even the roast beef or chicken salad sandwich choice.

 

HE may say, "You choose."

 

The Earth being Flat (Biblical FALSE Doctrine) or SPHERICAL (geoidal) (the REAL shape of the Earth) is NOT a matter of personal choice BUT a discovery as a basis for understanding laying a foundation of understanding for further discovery that doesn't change.

 

Sure. Take a look when new phenomena are CLEARLY experienced.

 

However, STUPID Flat Earth "proofs" DENY:

  • Light direction transitions at the interface of differing media with differing indexes of refraction.
  • Gravity is real.
  • Constant angular and/or translational velocity is the basis for NOT experiencing calculable seemingly astronomical projections (acceleration or deceleration).
  • Planes fly in a generally upright position and always have an upright position in normal flight no matter what position in the sky above the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth since gravity is oriented to the center of the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth.
  • There are NO Global Positioning System Satellites orbiting the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth in regular AND predictable orbital positions relative to the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth.
  • Satellites are able to orbit the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth in regular AND predictable orbital positions relative to the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth without the constant expulsion of fuel.
  • The sun rises or sets.
  • Amature astronomers are able to observe celestial bodies to note their shapes (SPHERICAL) and their trajectory in space. Additionally, software is available to predict the position of these celestial bodies whether it be planets AROUND the sun AND/OR moons around the planet. The software ALSO projects the position of the celestial bodies AND the view from ANY point on the SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth AT ANY DATE OR TIME.
  • Flat Earth philosophies are a REAL practice to dumb people down to get more Liberal "thinkers" AND OTHER "useful" "idiots".
  • Flat Earthers are LIARS AND concoct THEIR FALSE "evidence" in an attempt to dumb others down and to join their "woke" ranks.
  • Flat Earthers LOVE LIES AND HATE THE TRUTH.
  • BigLIE has been LYING this WHOLE thread.

So, WHY, pray tell, DENY REALITY AND CHOOSE ONE OR MORE LIES???!!!

 

After all, I COULD say:

  • NO bird sings.
  • Bees do NOT make honey.
  • There are NO waves on the ocean.
  • There is NO electricity.
  • The food production chain starts at the grocery store.
  • Four leaf clovers have a redeemable cash value at select financial institutions.
  • Test grades are ALL made up.
  • Molten metal does NOT fuse.

Well, OK, the list could go on and on and on and on and so on.

 

The point is there are multiple ways to support the nature of a given physical phenomena PROVIDED the associated ways are properly applied. Flat Earth LIES (of course) misconstrue these relevant physical phenomena ATTEMPTING to disprove an ACTUAL SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth.

 

On 3/12/2021 at 10:45 AM, ladyGrace'sDaddy said:

Ask yourself, what does this mean? How do I come to God as a "Little Child? 

Any parent should easily be able to answer that question. A Little Child is constantly filled with questions. Seemingly bombarding their parents all day with questions after questions. Trusting that Daddy always has the right answer. With a pure and innocent heart joyfully receiving what they are told. 

 

The greatest tragedy of humanity is that very few people will understand this and that is why the road to hell needs to be so wide. 

 

This is what I would do If I were You, LadyGrace'sDaddy, or anyone else holding to Biblical FALSE Doctrine to INCLUDE Flat Earth "beliefs" AND their "source(s)":

 

1 John 4:1-3

New International Version

On Denying the Incarnation

4 Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, 3 but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world.

 

https://physicsworld.com/a/fighting-flat-earth-theory/

 

Fighting flat-Earth theory

14 Jul 2020
Taken from the July 2020 issue of Physics World. Members of the Institute of Physics can enjoy the full issue via the Physics World app.

Physicists will find it shocking, but there are plenty of people around the world who genuinely believe the Earth is flat. Rachel Brazil explores why such views are increasingly taking hold and how the physics community should best respond

Flat Earth illustration (Courtesy: Claus Lunau/Science Photo Library)

In 2017 the US rapper B.o.B (real name Bobby Ray Simmons Jr) started a crowd-funding campaign to launch a satellite. The rapper, a vocal proponent of “flat-Earth theory”, wanted to seek evidence that our planet is a disc, not a globe. His aim was to raise $200,000 (later upped to $1m) on the soliciting-of-any-kind-is-not-allowed website, with the aim of sending one or more craft into space to help him “find the curve” – the term that “flat-Earthers” use to describe the edge of our supposed disc-shaped planet.

The rapper’s quest may seem like a joke or publicity stunt. Indeed, there’s currently no evidence that B.o.B raised much money or got anywhere near his goal. However, in the last few years there has been an alarming rise in the number of people who, like B.o.B, believe in flat-Earth theories. There’s now an annual flat-Earth conference in the US – the most recent of which was attended by more than 600 people – while YouTube is full of videos purporting to provide evidence that the Earth is flat.

Physicists may mock the notion of a flat Earth, but the idea is gaining traction, particularly among people susceptible to other conspiracy theories. “They actually really do believe it,” says Lee McIntyre, a philosopher from Boston University and an expert in the phenomenon of science denial, whose books include Respecting Truth: Wilful Ignorance in the Internet Age (Routledge, 2015). McIntyre knows first-hand how sincerely flat-Earthers hold their views: he attended the 2018 Flat Earth International Conference in Denver, Colorado.

Asheley Landrum, a psychologist from Texas Tech University who was also at the Denver meeting, agrees that flat-Earthers are genuine, and not goofing around. “If they were [trolling], they are very good actors,” she says. “We talked to more than 90 members of the flat-Earth community and they’re all very sincere in their beliefs”. Lectures at the Denver event included “Talking to your family and friends about flat Earth”, “NASA and other space lies” and “14+ ways the Bible says flat Earth”.

Flat-Earth ideas are based on basic scientific misunderstandings that can be easily refuted. For most people, even those who have no physics background, the evidence for a spherical Earth is obvious. So we need to ask ourselves why these ideas still persist in the 21st century and, perhaps more importantly for the physics community: how exactly should we respond?

A circular history

The idea that the Earth is a sphere was all but settled by ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BC), who obtained empirical evidence after travelling to Egypt and seeing new constellations of stars. Eratosthenes, in the third century BC, became the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Islamic scholars made further advanced measurements from about the 9th century AD onwards, while European navigators circled the Earth in the 16th century. Images from space were final proof, if any were needed.

Today’s flat-Earth believers are not, though, the first to doubt what seems unquestionable. The notion of a flat Earth initially resurfaced in the 1800s as a backlash to scientific progress, especially among those who wished to return to biblical literalism. Perhaps the most famous proponent was the British writer Samuel Rowbotham (1816–1884). He proposed the Earth is a flat immovable disc, centred at the North Pole, with Antarctica replaced by an ice wall at the disc’s outer boundary.

The International Flat Earth Research Society, which was set up in 1956 by Samuel Shenton, a signwriter living in Dover, UK, was regarded by many people as merely a symbol of British eccentricity – amusing and of little consequence. But in the early 2000s, with the Internet now a well-established vehicle for off-beat views, the idea began to bubble up again, mostly in the US. Discussions sprouted in online forums, the Flat Earth Society was relaunched in October 2009 and the annual flat-Earth conference began in earnest.

Low-pressure system over Iceland Round impact One manifestation of the Earth being spherical is that low-pressure weather systems rotate anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect. (Courtesy: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC)

As with any fringe movement there are disagreements and several different flat-Earth models exist to choose from. Some models propose that the Earth’s edges are surrounded by a wall of ice holding in the oceans. Others suggest our flat planet and its atmosphere are encased in a huge, hemispherical snow globe from which nothing can fall off the edges. To account for night and day, most flat-Earthers think the Sun moves in circles around the North Pole, with its light acting like a spotlight. The most recent “US model”, for example, suggests that the Sun and Moon are 50 km in diameter and circle the disc-shaped Earth at a height of 5500 km, with the stars above this on a rotating dome. Many flat-Earthers also reject gravity, with the “UK model” suggesting that the disc is itself accelerating up at 9.8 m/s2 to give the illusion of gravity.

Physicists will scoff at these ideas, but the worrying thing is that they are spreading rapidly and gaining proponents outside America too. “While they may not be as many [in Europe], they are as loud as their colleagues in the US,” says Jan Slegr, a physicist from the University of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic, who in 2018 co-authored a paper outlining ways for teachers and others to confront outlandish flat-Earth ideas with physics (Phys. Educ. 53 045014).

Such efforts are important. Alarming polling data by the firm Datafolha, for example, indicate that 7% of the Brazilian population – some 11 million people – believe that the Earth is flat. This shocking number has been attributed to a resurgent evangelical Christian church, but there are also signs that religious fundamentalism is spreading these ideas in Islamic countries too. In 2017 the website Jeune-Afrique reported that a geology student in Tunisia was intending to submit a PhD defending her work on a flat-Earth model.

Conspiracy mentality

It would be easy to dismiss flat-Earthers as simply being misguided due to a lack of education. While there are indications that those susceptible to such views have low levels of scientific literacy, Landrum at Texas Tech says that flat-Earthers aren’t necessarily people who don’t believe in science. “It’s not really an education thing,” she says. “It really is about distrusting authorities and institutions. [It] seems to be based on both a conspiracy mentality and a deeply held belief that looks a lot like religiosity but isn’t necessarily specifically tied to a religion”.

Landrum thinks this conspiracy mentality is linked to science denial and a susceptibility to believing deceptive claims on social media (Politics and the Life Sciences 38 193). No longer the domain of a “foil-hat-wearing fringe”, she believes those with a conspiracy mentality have lost the ability to judge when to trust and when to be a sceptic. Their lack of trust in authority includes not just scientists but scientific bodies such as NASA, all of whom (they think) are part of a massive conspiracy to prevent the flat-Earth truth being revealed. “[They] view the world through this really dark filter where [they] assume that all authorities and institutions and corporations are just there to exploit you.”

McIntyre adds that the flat-Earthers he interacted with each believed a selection of conspiracy theories, including that governments control the weather and that chem-trails from aeroplanes consist of chemical or biological agents. “The only one I found that they all believed,” he says, “was that we hadn’t gone to the Moon. If you offer them back evidence, like the view of the Earth from the Moon, they say it’s fake.” Indeed, many flat-Earthers are more invested in the idea of a conspiracy than in providing a workable model of a flat Earth.

 

Why do people still believe in conspiracy theories?

Nikk Effingham, a philosopher at the University of Birmingham in the UK who has met flat-Earthers at a London meet-up, says that we often don’t recognize the extent to which confidence in authority shapes our beliefs. “When we try and prove something like the Earth being round, because it’s a belief that we are so sure of, we under-play the justified role of authority in that,” he says. Most people are therefore comfortable accepting the world is a globe, even if they can’t immediately recount the scientific evidence.

Flat-Earthers seem to have a very low standard of evidence for what they want to believe but an impossibly high standard of evidence for what they don’t want to believe

Lee McIntyre, Boston University

But that’s not the case for those mired in a conspiracy mentality. What’s also clear is that the rise in flat-Earth beliefs has been fuelled by the Internet and YouTube videos in particular. “Almost everybody that we spoke to said that either they were directly exposed to flat Earth on YouTube or they were exposed to it via a family member who was exposed to it on YouTube,” says Landrum. Flat-Earth videos often present numerous arguments in rapid succession with what Landrum dubs “an illusion of fluency”.

Key to the videos’ success has also been the algorithms that serve them up to viewers of other conspiracy-related content. “The algorithms facilitate the normalizing of conspiracies and the feeling of a consensus within your community,” explains Landrum. “Flat Earth is just another example of that.” In 2019 YouTube did acknowledge the problem and said it would be tweaking its algorithm to reduce its recommendations of conspiracy-theory videos. But the fact remains that the videos are still on its platform.

Proving the Earth isn’t flat

It was McIntyre’s work on science denial that led him to the 2018 flat-Earth conference in Denver, where delegates spent time discussing the “evidence” and finer details of their theory as well as the supposed conspiracy that flat-Earthers believe is shielding their ideas from the wider public. “I thought that if I could understand how to push back against flat-Earthers, I could use the same techniques to fight back against climate-change deniers and anti-vaxxers,” he says. After all, their ideas are all generally based on fallacies and misunderstanding of science. “Some of the flat-Earthers know enough physics to throw around the vocabulary, but they don’t actually understand enough physics to be compelled by the truth.”

Foucault pendulum Time curve The plane of a free-swinging Foucault’s pendulum shifts with time, proving that the Earth is round. (Courtesy: iStock/Meinzahn)

But even without the visual confirmation of pictures taken from space, many of the arguments used by flat-Earth proponents can be easily dismissed with trigonometry or basic physical laws. A good place to start is with a Foucault’s pendulum, the device named after the French physicist Léon Foucault, who in 1851 famously hung a heavy 28 kg brass bob from a 67 m chain in the Panthéon in Paris. Such a pendulum, which can swing in any plane, changes direction during the course of a day, yielding direct evidence of the Earth’s rotation. (Though as Slegr points out, that hasn’t stopped some flat-Earthers claiming that all Foucault pendulums are fraudulent and that museums use magnetic coils to turn the plane of the pendulum’s rotation to make the Earth seem to rotate.)

Another phenomenon that proves the Earth is a spinning globe is the Coriolis force, which acts perpendicular to the direction of motion of a spinning mass. This force leads to cylones swirling clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere; through the direction of winds, it also impacts ocean currents. Long-range military snipers even have to make allowance for deflections caused by the Coriolis effect. Indeed, as Slegr points out, getting physics students to explain the evidence for a spherical spinning Earth is a great critical-thinking exercise.

But that deep critical thinking is what’s often missing among flat-Earthers. Consider photos of distant skylines, which are often wheeled out as “proof” that the Earth is flat. In his interactions with flat-Earth theorists, McIntyre was commonly shown a picture of Chicago, taken from Lake Michigan, in which the city’s skyscrapers are clearly visible despite being viewed from a distance of 100 km out. “Given the curvature of the Earth, you shouldn’t [in principle] be able to see the skyline of the city from that far out,” he says.

The reason the buildings are visible, as McIntyre knows, lies in the fact that air directly above the water’s surface is colder than the air higher up. This inverse temperature gradient means that light rays refract toward the colder, denser air, allowing an image of the reflected skyline, formed on the water below the horizon, to appear almost hovering above the horizon (figure 1). This notion can easily be verified by taking a photo even further away, where the “superior mirage” will disappear.

1 Why distant skyscrapers are visible despite the curvature of the Earth

 

 

Fata morgana of Chicago (© Sam Cornwell, 2008)

 

This photo was taken from Mount Baldy in Indiana Dunes National Park on the south-east coast of Lake Michigan, roughly 60 km across the water from the city of Chicago, which lies on the opposite bank. At that distance, Chicago’s skyline should not be visible as the curvature of the Earth takes it beyond the horizon. The fact that the buildings are visible is in fact simply a mirage. Mirages are usually created when a cold, dense layer of air sits above a layer of warmer, less dense air, for example when the Sun beats down on a black road on a hot summer’s day. The warm ground heats the bottom few centimetres of air, refracting sunlight up to your eyes to create an “inferior mirage”. But if a layer of warm air sits above your line of sight, with a cool layer beneath, you get a “superior mirage”. Light bends down towards the denser air, but because our eyes assume the light has travelled in a straight line, the object appears higher than it is. The effect also explains why a far-off ship can be seen even though it might have dipped below the horizon. It can even make distant boats appear to float in the air.

 

Figure 1 diagram (CC-BY-SA / Ludovica Lorenzelli, DensityDesign Research Lab)

 

 

But, as McIntyre found, this type of reasoning is unlikely to convince flat-Earthers. “They seem to have a very low standard of evidence for what they want to believe but an impossibly high standard of evidence for what they don’t want to believe.” One of their key experimental tools is a Nikon P900 camera with a ×83 optical zoom, in which flat-Earthers place an almost religious faith. Able to capture details not visible to the naked eye, they hope to use it to show that objects don’t disappear over the horizon but come back into view when examined at high enough resolution.

McIntyre described his frustrations with flat-Earthers in a paper last year in the American Journal of Physics (87 694), in which he challenged physicists to come up with simple, straightforward answers to refute the “evidence” for a flat Earth that could be understood by a general audience. Someone who rose to the bait was retired physicist Bruce Sherwood, who realized that “just citing the scientific facts is not going to convince anybody”. Instead, given that flat-Earthers place so much emphasis on naked-eye observations, he and colleague Derek Roff decided to create a navigable 3D computer simulation of a flat Earth to see how well it could replicate what we see.

Based on the US version of the flat-Earth model, it allows anyone to virtually roam a flat world. “Walking round in it, there were many things that show tremendous discrepancies,” says Sherwood. One of the major problems is the size and brightness of the Sun. In the flat-Earth model this varies by more than a factor of two from sunrise to midday, something we obviously do not see. The night sky also differs. In the northern hemisphere we see constellations rising in the east and arcing across the sky but in the flat-Earth model they would just circle at a constant height. “What [Sherwood] has created is something that’s much harder for [flat-Earth proponents] to laugh off, because it takes their own views seriously, [and] traces out the consequences,” says McIntyre. “I think that on this basis, other physicists can go out and help to push.”

Dangerous liaisons

From McIntyre’s perspective, flat-Earth conspiracies are a danger and need confronting. “Maybe 10 or 20 years ago, I would have said, just laugh at them, how much traction are they going to get? I no longer feel that way.” If these ideas are not challenged, he fears that as with supporters of “intelligent design”, proponents of a flat Earth will start running for US school boards, looking to push their ideas into the US education system. “The sort of reasoning that they use is infectious and if you don’t push back against them, it just gets worse and they’re able to recruit new members,” he warns.

 

A flat-Earth fight, an inconsistent Hubble constant, and carbon atoms at a graphene ‘watering hole’

But Effingham, who has also interacted with flat-Earthers on Facebook, wonders if physics is the place to start combating these conspiracy-based ideas. “I’m not saying that the perfect formula doesn’t have some kind of physics argument in it, but just turning on a YouTube video of physics lectures is not going to do it.” Instead, Effingham has tried to get flat-Earthers to understand that, by watching YouTube videos, they too are slavishly following an authority – not a scientific authority, but the authority of whoever is proposing the conspiracy theories they subscribe to.

Effingham also tries to point out their inconsistencies. “Every position they took required a different view of the conspiracy, and required the conspiracy to be bigger or smaller, and it was impossible to get a consistent conspiracy going that explained everything.” McIntyre, for example, recalls asking one flat-Earther why planes flying over Antarctica from, say, Chile to New Zealand don’t have to refuel, which they’d have to if the continent were (as they believe) an ice wall tens of thousands of kilometres long. He was simply told that planes can fly on one tank of fuel and refuelling planes could just be a giant hoax to stop us realizing that the Earth is flat.

hands joined Joining forces The rise in flat-Earth beliefs is partly due to the erosion of trust in science, which will require action on the part of scientists to rebuild. (Courtesy: iStock/prawny)

Landrum agrees the underlying problem is one of trust rather than physics. “We really should figure out as a scientific community, and as a society as a whole, how we can start building back trust in our organizations and institutions.” And she feels we need to do this face-to-face. “I don’t mean go yell at them on Twitter – that’s not engaging.” It’s also vital, she says, for scientists not to patronize flat-Earthers but to take questions seriously. That may seem like an excruciatingly painful process, but a necessary one, for people to gain trust in science as an institution again.

A level of sustained personal engagement can change minds. “It does work to push back against science deniers,” argues McIntyre, pointing to current NASA boss Jim Bridenstine. He was appointed by Donald Trump in 2018 and was known to have disputed climate change. “[But] once [he] became head of NASA, within a matter of two months or so, he changed his mind on climate change, and publicly said, ‘I was wrong’,” says McIntyre. The difference was that the evidence was presented to him by scientists he had grown to trust.

Oddly, Landrum says that many flat-Earthers may distrust scientists, but they are not against the scientific method. “The majority of them put a lot of faith, for lack of a better word, in science. There’s a lot of curiosity and a lot of scepticism and a lot of the really good qualities that make scientists.” But while the spirit of experimentation may be there, flat-Earthers are not always prepared to change their minds when their experiments fail. And that’s why McIntrye hopes some physicists might go with him to future flat-Earth conferences.

“I think that physicists need to be more involved,” he says. “There’s really no excuse for us to just sit back and laugh at them. Because while we’re laughing, they are recruiting people to believe these crazy things.”

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On 3/14/2021 at 12:04 PM, ladyGrace'sDaddy said:

I understand your question about traveling higher than 400 miles up. The ISS is only 400 miles high, so why not make it higher? The Van Allen radiation belt. But the first question is, why do you think that a satellite can travel through the belt?

 

Listen to this NASA Scientist tell you in his own words the dangers of the Belt while unknowingly admitting that they've never gone through it.  

 

The Belt is 1000 miles away but the moon is supposed to be over 200 thousand miles. 

Watch "kelly smith orion project" on YouTube

 

 

HERE is the article AND full UNDOCTORED video:

 

https://www.aere.iastate.edu/alumni/kelly-smith/

Kelly Smith

http://www.aere.iastate.edu/files/2014/12/Unknown-199x300.jpeg Kelly Smith at Mission Control in Houston during an EFT-1 simulation.

As an aerospace systems technologist at the NASA Johnson Space Center, Kelly Smith wears a lot of hats. But this alum is used to juggling many responsibilities, just like he did as a student. While at ISU, Smith kept busy as a community advisor in the residence halls, busted a move as the mascot CY, and co-oped with NASA, all while studying hard as a student. Now, as an active member of the successful Orion mission, Smith continues his education and is involved in many different NASA missions.


 

Describe a typical day. What are your job duties?

I’m part of the first Orion flight control team as the Trajectory Officer, known as TRAJ in the Mission Control Center. As TRAJ, I support the Flight Dynamics Officer (FDO, pronounced “FIDO”) to maintain knowledge of the vehicle’s trajectory (flight path) for Orion’s first spaceflight test, called Exploration Flight Test 1, or EFT-1 for short. Everything at NASA has an acronym.

I’m also a team member on the entry and navigation teams for Orion. The entry team focuses on the design of the entry trajectory and the guidance, navigation, and control design for all entry, descent, and landing systems. In layman’s terms, we basically are responsible for designing and implementing the auto-pilot for Orion to fly from the top of the atmosphere at 20,000 mph to the targeted landing site for a gentle 20 mph splashdown with parachutes. Although it looks just like a big metal gumdrop, Orion is actually flies like an airplane when it’s screaming through the atmosphere. It banks to control how far downrange it will fly. So although it doesn’t look much like the Space Shuttle, they fly using very similar principles.

On the navigation team, we’re responsible for making sure Orion knows where it is, how fast it’s moving, and its orientation. To do this, Orion uses a GPS receiver, inertial measurement units, and barometric altimeters. Orion combines all of this information to estimate its location, speed, and attitude (aerospace-speak for orientation, not its temperament).

I also work on the Mars 2020 project in collaboration with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. I’m a team member of the Cruise, Entry, Descent, & Landing team responsible for the entry guidance algorithm, the part of the software responsible for steering it to land at its target on Mars when flying in the atmosphere.

What was the most valuable thing you learned as an aerospace engineering undergrad?

I had to learn to be resilient. It was the first time I had academically struggled, and it was bewildering as a freshman to work hard and not ace a test. The experience helped me grow tremendously.

What is your fondest memory of your time as an undergrad?

My fondest memories at ISU were spending countless hours in the AerE computer labs with my friends where we all struggled to finish our problem sets, being Cy for a summer and a fall semester, and the great people I met as a community advisor for 3 years in the dorms.

How did you land your job?

I received a co-op offer after interviewing with NASA recruiters at the ISU Engineering Job Fair. After I co-oped 4 times at NASA, I received a job offer in my senior year. I’ve been at NASA full-time since May 2010.

Where do you hope to be in the next five years?

I’d like to continue expanding my technical knowledge base as a GN&C engineer with the hopes of working toward a master’s degree.

Check out this NASA video of Kelly Smith talking about Orion.

 

NOWHERE in the video is made mention the radiation belt had NOT been traversed BEFORE BY HUMANS.

 

Radiation effects WERE WELL KNOWN AND ACCOUNTED FOR DURING THE PREVIOUS MANNED FLIGHTS TO THE MOON EVEN ON THE MOON.

 

Radiation shielding materials were used to protect the astronauts AFTER having been tested BEFORE the astronauts were exposed to the radiation.

 

ALSO................................................................

 

The astronauts TRAVERSED THROUGH the radiation belt NOT ORBITED IN THE RADIATION BELT SO THE ASTRONAUTS HAD LIMITED AND GREATLY MINIMIZED EXPOSURE TO THE RADIATION.

 

Gallium Arsenide is a semiconductor with nominally ten (10) times the resilience to radiation compared to Silicon AND could be a computing material used on these missions.

 

The ORION Project is LIKELY a far more in depth and expansive study to gain a broader body of knowledge for future Moon AND Mars missions TO INCLUDE humans.

 

The ORION Project has materials AND technologies NOT available during the Gemini AND Apollo Missions SO LIKELY are being further tested for compatibility FOR human exposure limits for Moon AND Mars human missions.

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On 3/12/2021 at 4:36 PM, PeaceSign said:

 

 

No there does not have to be a curtain, it is showing you that the sun and moon cast a certain amount of light, just like you see the sun moving further away from you dims out, same thing. And by the way the sun and moon are different light...

 

The sun OBVIOUSLY rises AND sets on a SPHERICAL (geoidal) Earth. The sun (AND moon) DO NOT APPEAR (sun - morning AND day) AND DISAPPEAR (sun - evening AND night) IN THE SKY LIKE THE Flat Earth MODEL SHOWS.

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1 hour ago, bigwave said:

What about Hubble?

 

nasa says 19,206 satellites why not one of them?

 

I can't speak for NASA. Maybe they aren't worth taking pictures of. I know I see some tracking across the sky here in Idaho.

I have also seen the Star Link satellites train go across the sky. 

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7 hours ago, nstoolman1 said:

 

I can't speak for NASA. Maybe they aren't worth taking pictures of. I know I see some tracking across the sky here in Idaho.

I have also seen the Star Link satellites train go across the sky. 

I saw those things here in Kansas the day they launched. Pretty amazing. I know that there are satellites up there but I don't think there are 20,000 and they are all pretty low. Otherwise, how is it we can see them on a clear night?

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First of all, there are different orbits that the satellites are in. Some are in geosyncronis orbit about 22,000miles about the earth and some are lower. Some are revolving around the earth and some are stationary above a point on the earth. Some are large (like the space station) which is easier to see, especially when it's orbit brings it to it's closect point to the earth and some are very small which make them very difficult to see with the naked eye from earth. But there are more up there than we know.

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20 hours ago, bigwave said:

Total CGI;

image.png.b2cb6663daaaaa077ed11002c5f30272.png

 

Being in reentry through the Earth's atmosphere, any lateral photography would be extremely difficult at best. Communications with the reentry vehicle are also extremely difficult at best. So, likely neither exist.

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1 hour ago, md11fr8dawg said:

First of all, there are different orbits that the satellites are in. Some are in geosyncronis orbit about 22,000miles about the earth and some are lower. Some are revolving around the earth and some are stationary above a point on the earth. Some are large (like the space station) which is easier to see, especially when it's orbit brings it to it's closect point to the earth and some are very small which make them very difficult to see with the naked eye from earth. But there are more up there than we know.

Says who?

 

Not to disparage your opinion at all but where did you get your information?

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6 hours ago, ladyGrace'sDaddy said:

Says who?

 

Not to disparage your opinion at all but where did you get your information?

Says I. I won't do the research for you Big Guy, but there are satellites orbiting the earth (ie the space station) and those that are stationary, thus when we want to look at a certain point on earth if there is not a sateliite overhead we have to wait until the earth rotates and the sateliite comes into view. 

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1 hour ago, md11fr8dawg said:

I believe comm is lost as the vehicle enters the earth's atmosphere for about 2 minutes if memory serves me correctly.

 

:lmao:   :lmao:   :lmao:

 

Yeah, just attempting to use some "soft" "communication" for SOME "listeners".

 

Glad to see You, MD11Fr8Dawg, are knowledgeable of these matters unlike, of course, THEE "alternate" "view" "points" posting in THIS thread.

 

What I understand is the two minute comm loss is due to the trajectory on reentry. Too steep of trajectory and the resistance (Gs) is too great for humans. Too shallow and they bounce back into space above Earth.

 

Added input is GREATLY APPRECIATED!!! Please continue Kind Sir!!!

 

:flagsmiley::flagsmiley::flagsmiley::salute:!!!MD11Fr8Dawg!!!:salute::flagsmiley::flagsmiley::flagsmiley:

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The communications blackouts that affect spacecraft re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, which are also known as radio blackouts, ionization blackouts, or reentry blackouts, are caused by an envelope of ionized air around the craft, created by the heat from the compression of the atmosphere by the craft.

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