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Researchers discover the secret of "stopping" humans' ability to regrow their eyes


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Researchers discover the secret of "stopping" humans' ability to regrow their eyes

10:48 - 11/10/2020
 
  
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The information / Baghdad ..
Researchers have found that humans, like species of fish and lizards, also have the ability to regenerate damaged sensory organs like the eye, but somewhere in our evolutionary journey, the gene has been "turned off".
Eye trauma, and more specifically damage to the retina, is the leading cause of blindness in humans around the world, as the sensory organ is remarkably complex, with a wide range of light-detecting cones and rods that feed optical data to our central nervous system.
This is why it is impossible to regenerate retinal tissues in the same way that we renew other damaged tissues, such as skin or bone.
However, species like zebrafish are capable of regenerating this type of tissue, and humans share 70% of the same genes with them, including the type that gives them the ability to regenerate their visual sensory tissues.
Johns Hopkins neuroscientist Seth Blackshaw explained that this ability is actually the default setting for many animals, including humans - we just lost it at several points on our evolutionary tree.
"Our research generally indicates that the ability to regenerate is present in mammals, including humans, but some evolutionary pressures have stopped it," Blackshaw said.
While we humans are still in the womb, the retina is shaped as an extension of the externally growing brain and central nervous system, which connects to the back of our eyes. Within the retina, Mueller glial cells act as guardians of our eyes, cleaning out neurotransmitters and various debris within the eye, while stimulating the immune response when needed.
And in some animals, such as fish and reptiles, Mueller cells also regenerate neurons that transmit the received light signals from the eyes to the brain for processing.
Neuroscientist Than Huang and his team, from Johns Hopkins, examined genes in cells in zebrafish, chicks and mice, and saw how they responded to retinal injury across the three species.
As expected, genes triggered the immune response to help clean up damaged tissue and fight an impending infection. However, in mammalian cells in mice, the network then represses genes before they begin to transform into regenerative cells as it does in other non-mammalian species.
By tampering with the basic mechanism that governs cells, the researchers were able to force the cells to begin regenerating retinal neurons in adult mice, after suffering a retinal injury.
The researchers believe that losing this ability to regenerate may act as some evolutionary trade-off, as mammals have improved at fighting parasites at the expense of more advanced tissue regeneration capabilities.
We know that some viruses, bacteria, and even parasites can infect the brain. "It could be catastrophic if it allowed the affected brain cells to grow and spread the infection through the nervous system," Blackshaw said.
We are still far from the stage in which humans will be able to regenerate damaged complex sensory organs such as the eye, but the research opens a whole new avenue of possibilities for future research.

https://www.almaalomah.com/2020/10/11/499376/

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The emergence of the first images in the world that show the Coronavirus invading the human body

by EditorArab and world news , health20 Hours ago

li-tomography-1050.jpg

The New York Times published high-resolution microscopic images of the Corona virus, which are believed to be the first of its kind in the world.

The clips that the New York Times referred to in its report, accompanied by another picture of specialized institutes, surprised activists on social media,
stressing that the pictures show how the virus invades body cells, and how its twisted genes control the vital functions of the human cell.

According to researchers, the images help to decipher the codes of this virus, which has so far caused the death of more than a million people around the world, and infected at least thirty million others.

https://altaghier.tv/2020/10/10/ظهور-الصور-الأولى-في-العالم-التي-تظهر-غ/

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“We were wrong,” Corona manipulates the immune system and baffles scientists

 
Free / Subtitles - Washington
October 11, 2020
 
 

Corona may cause the immune system to attack the cells of the body instead of fighting viruses Corona may cause the immune system to attack the cells of the body instead of fighting viruses

With the beginning of the spread of the new Corona virus, scientists used to treat patients who contracted it as being protected from recurring infection, especially with their bodies producing large quantities of antibodies.

But Matthew Woodruff, a researcher specializing in immunology at Emory University, said, "We were wrong," as the picture looks much more complex.

The Science Alert Magazine quoted a study in which Woodruff participated, published in the " Nature " magazine , that Corona caused a shift in immunity in some people, which caused their immune system to become as dangerous as the virus.

The study indicated that the role of the immune system has shifted for some from "healing to destruction," and the antibodies it secretes cause blood clots and infections in multiple organs.

This prompted some doctors to use drugs that suppress the immune system response, but so far, scientists have not identified any parts or stages that can understand the nature of the imbalance in immune regulation in identifying patients who will need a different approach in dealing with them and inhibiting or stimulating their immunity.

The study showed that antibodies are more like powerful weapons inside the body, but in the case of Corona, some of them become active in a way that harms everything that they encounter, whether viral cells or even cells belonging to the body, which is what happens when an error occurs in determining the identity of the virus.

The immune system usually avoids attacking the body’s cells by training it to recognize the cells of different viruses, but this process takes about two weeks, and during severe cases this may mean the difference between life and death.

That is why the body releases antibodies to attack viruses until it is designed and developed for antibodies to the virus. The antibodies released in the first stage are sometimes stronger than necessary.

Woodruff says the medical community still needs more studies to determine which patients are suitable for dampening or stimulating their immune response.

More broadly, immunity to Covid-19 is still poorly understood, as experts focus heavily on antibodies, but researchers hope that another form of the immune response based on cells called T-lymphocytes can curb the epidemic.

https://www.alhurra.com/health/2020/10/11/كنا-خطأ-كورونا-يتلاعب-بجهاز-المناعة-ويحير-العلماء

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Easily available ... a treatment for Corona, the dose of which is sufficient for two people and protects against future infection

2020-10-11
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Yes Iraq - Baghdad

A new study suggests that the so-called love hormone, oxytocin, may be worth investigating as a treatment for COVID-19.

One of the most dangerous complications of infection with the new Coronavirus is the "cytokine storm", as it attacks the body's own tissues.

There are currently no FDA-approved treatments for COVID-19, which means that “reusing existing drugs that can act on the adaptive immune response and prevent a cytokine storm in the early stages of the disease is a priority,” according to the researchers.

Previous research suggests that oxytocin - a hormone produced in the brain that contributes to reproduction and childbirth - reduces inflammation.

In this new study, researcher Ali Emami, assistant graduate research assistant at the University of Toledo in Ohio, and colleagues used the US National Institutes of Health database to analyze the characteristics of genes treated with drugs closely related to oxytocin.

Researchers found that one drug in particular, carbetocin, had similar (called signature) properties to genes with low expression of the inflammatory markers that trigger a cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.

The Carbetocin signature indicates that the drug may activate immune cells called T cells that play an important role in the immune response. In addition, the carbetocin signature is also similar to that of lopinavir, which is an antiretroviral drug under study as a treatment for COVID-19.

All of these factors indicate that oxytocin may be a targeted treatment for cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19, the researchers said in a press release issued by the American Physiological Society.

In their report, which was recently published online in Physiological Genomics, the authors concluded that “Understanding the mechanisms by which the oxytocin or the oxytocin system may be a new immune target is crucial”.

However, they added, “The safety and effectiveness of intravenous oxytocin in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 has yet to be evaluated.”

https://yesiraq.com/متوفر-بسهولة-علاج-لكورونا-جرعته-تكفي/

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Researchers are experimenting with a tuberculosis vaccine to use against Corona

Editing date: 11/10/2020 21:53  61 times read
[Baghdad_Where]
British researchers, participating in a global experiment, revealed that front-line workers will be vaccinated with a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, to explore its effectiveness in preventing the Corona virus.
According to the information, the BCG vaccine, which is used as a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, stimulates a spontaneous and widespread reaction in the immune system and has proven its ability to prevent infections or acute symptoms of other respiratory diseases.

Professor John Campbell of the University of Exeter School of Medicine said, "BCG has shown that it boosts immunity in general, which may provide some protection against Covid-19."

He continued: "We seek to find out whether the BCG vaccine helps protect those at risk of infection with Corona, and if it does so we can save lives ... with this vaccine that is already available and cheap."

It is noteworthy that the British study is part of a global experiment led by Australia and began last April, and is also being conducted in the Netherlands, Spain and Brazil, and the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in preventing Covid-19 is being tested in South Africa.

A recent study confirmed that the tuberculosis vaccine, known for short as (BCG), can provide protection against infection with the Corona epidemic, especially since the vaccine is designed to protect against lung infections, and enhance immunity against infection with infectious viruses.

And researchers in the United States found a clear link in the reduction in the death rate from Covid-19 disease among people who received the TB vaccine in various parts of the world, taking into account social, economic and demographic differences.
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Researchers are experimenting with a tuberculosis vaccine to use against Corona

Editing date: 11/10/2020 21:53  94 read times
[Baghdad_Where]
British researchers, participating in a global experiment, revealed that front-line workers will be vaccinated with a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, to explore its effectiveness in preventing the Corona virus.
According to the information, the BCG vaccine, which is used as a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, stimulates a spontaneous and widespread reaction in the immune system and has proven its ability to prevent infections or acute symptoms of other respiratory diseases.

Professor John Campbell of the University of Exeter School of Medicine said, "BCG has shown that it boosts immunity in general, which may provide some protection against Covid-19."

He continued: "We seek to find out whether the BCG vaccine helps protect those at risk of infection with Corona, and if it does so we can save lives ... with this vaccine that is already available and cheap."

It is noteworthy that the British study is part of a global experiment led by Australia and began last April, and is also being conducted in the Netherlands, Spain and Brazil, and the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in preventing Covid-19 is being tested in South Africa.

A recent study confirmed that the tuberculosis vaccine, known for short as (BCG), can provide protection against infection with the Corona epidemic, especially since the vaccine is designed to protect against lung infections, and enhance immunity against infection with infectious viruses.

And researchers in the United States found a clear link in the reduction in the death rate from Covid-19 disease among people who received the TB vaccine in various parts of the world, taking into account social, economic and demographic differences.
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Global Health warns against herd immunity and is immoral

  •  Time: 10/12/2020 22:34:18
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  •  Read: 195 times
Global Health warns against herd immunity and is immoral
  
{International: Al Furat News} The Director-General of the World Health Organization warned, on Monday, against letting the new Corona virus spread in the hope of reaching the so-called herd immunity, describing this matter as "immoral."

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus issued a warning about calls in some countries to allow the outbreak of Covid-19 until enough people acquire the immunity that is usually required to curb the outbreak.

He considered that "herd immunity is a concept that uses vaccines, through which people can be protected from a specific virus if the required threshold for vaccination is reached."

He said that with regard to measles, for example, if 95 percent of a particular population were vaccinated, the remaining five percent would be protected from the outbreak of the virus.

He explained that the percentage in which a certain population is considered protected from polio is 80%.

"Herd immunity is achieved by protecting people from a virus, not by exposing them to it," Tedros said.

He stressed that "herd immunity has not been used at all in the history of public health as a strategy in dealing with an outbreak of a virus, so how rather (in dealing with) a pandemic."

And on Monday, Maria Van Kerkhove, chief technical expert at the World Health Organization, said it was estimated that 0.6 percent of those who contracted Covid-19 died.

And she continued, "This number may not seem large," but stressed that it is a number "much higher compared to influenza."

And she emphasized that mortality rates increase significantly with age.

Since its appearance in China, the epidemic has killed at least 1,075,493 people around the world, according to a census prepared by Agence France-Presse on Monday.

Raghad Daham

https://alforatnews.com/news/الصحة-العالمية-تحذر-من-مناعة-القطيع-وتفه-بغير-الاخلاقي

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