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New election law includes 100% win


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2019/11/25 13:49
  • The number of readings 47
  • Section: Iraq
  •  

New election law includes 100% win

BAGHDAD / Obelisk: The head of the alliance in the province of Diyala MP Burhan al-Mamouri, said Monday, that the new election law will ensure the winner of the highest votes 100%.

His office said in a statement received to the obelisk, that "the parliamentary bloc Sairon will change the Electoral Commission and its law," noting that it "stands with multiple constituencies and win the highest votes."

"The last election law was based on the amended Saint Lego law and there is a tendency to change this law in response to the demands of the demonstrators," Mamouri said.

He added that "the parliamentary bloc Sairon proposed to amend the election law of the current House of Representatives," noting that "the new amendment to the law will ensure the winner of the highest votes 100%," noting that "The new amendment will include the conduct of elections in various districts at the level of districts."

He pointed out that "the law will achieve real representation of the will of the voters transparent and fair elections between the contenders," pointing out that "the mass of Sairon submitted an official request earlier to the Presidency of the House of Representatives to amend the statutes of the Commission and the elections."

The Obelisk

 

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The most appropriate electoral system for Iraq

Tuesday, November 26, 2019 75

The most appropriate electoral system for Iraq

 
 Asaad Turki Sawari
Elections are the key to giving power to democratic systems, by choosing the people who will be entrusted with decision-making and public policy-making in the state, as a means of resolving disputes between individuals and groups peacefully, and is the determining criterion for the legitimacy of power in democratic societies. A careful reflection and deep reflection that the political stability of states lies in four elements: 
1. The existence of a final constitutional reference, and a supreme summit of the State pyramid, with sufficient constitutional capacity and powers to resolve potential conflicts between political institutions, and to contain sharp intersections between social sectors, ultimately having the final say.
 
2. The existence of a flexible constitution that can be modified to enable it to keep pace with the development of the human society movement in the contemporary world, and to achieve the aspirations of the emerging social forces, and contains the new generations in state institutions.
 
3. The existence of an electoral system that reflects the realistic representation of the will of the masses, increasing the popular representation to the maximum extent possible, and minimizing the waste of votes.
 
4 - The existence of independent judicial oversight of referendums and elections, which results in the confidence of society in the outcome of the electoral process, which is the basis for the legitimacy of democratic political systems. 
  
Free election conditions and criteria
And honest 
Numerous international documents, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966, and the Universal Declaration of Criteria for Free and Fair Elections of 1994, affirmed that in order to be free and fair, the following conditions must be met. Essential for securing its democracy:
 
1. The right of peoples to hold elections and to participate in running and voting, in the sense that all citizens shall have the right to vote and participate in public affairs.  
 
2. Voting procedures shall ensure freedom of choice and equality of votes among people, secrecy of voting, and validity of ballot counting.  
 
3. Elections shall be held periodically.
 
4. Constituencies should be defined on an equitable basis so that the results more accurately and comprehensively reflect the will of the electorate.   
 
5. The monitoring of electoral processes shall be supervised and exercised by an electoral authority independent of the rest of the State in order to ensure its integrity. Its decisions must be appealed to the judicial authorities. 
 
6. Freedom of electoral propaganda and equal competition in elections. 
 
The importance and advantages of elections 
 
1. Elections are the instrument of legitimacy enjoyed by the elected authority. The legitimacy of the Government and the justification of its practices and policies are based on its electoral base.
 
2. Elections are an effective means of expanding popular participation. They provide an opportunity for everyone to contribute to the process of political practice and the choice of decision-makers, enabling them to express their opinion and choose among the alternatives before them.
 
3. Elections develop the spirit of citizenship for the individual and the society in which he lives.
 
4. Elections are a means of urging officials to feel responsible. 
 
Factors affecting election results in general 
 
1. Voting system: (List or individual).
 
2 - the size of the circle: (one circle or multiple circles). 
 
3 - Method of distribution of seats: (representation system by majority or proportional representation system).
 
The majority of democracies in the world tend to adopt the system of "public voting", which includes the advantages of participation of the largest number of citizens and the guarantee of equality among all citizens. In the ballot. 
 
Direct and indirect voting
Voting is direct if the voter himself chooses his deputy in the parliament without mediation. The indirect election is when the role of the voters is limited to selecting their representatives by selecting the deputies. The Swiss government and the Federal Council are elected by direct vote by members of parliament in a joint session to elect the government and the Federal Council. 
 
Individual and List Election 
 
Individual election 
 
It is the election in which the voter selects one individual from the candidates in his constituency, in which the country is divided into relatively small electoral districts as long as the voter chooses only one deputy. For the same reason, a deputy can identify voters' desires and interests.
One disadvantage is that it makes the deputy subject to his constituents and takes care of the demands of his constituency only, which predominates personal interests over the public interest and national problems.
 
2. Election by List:
It is the election in which the voter selects a list of more than one of the candidates in the electoral district or the formation of a list of candidates. To be open lists. 
 
A - Closed Lists: In the sense that the voter should choose a list of candidates in the district without being amended or replaced. 
 
B - Open Lists: In the sense that the voter is free to form a list of the total number of candidates by choosing a number of candidates from the lists equal to the number of seats granted to the constituency, and the advantages of the election on the list is that it highlights the candidates and makes their choice based on electoral programs and not on people, which leads them to adopt Public and national interest more than attention to personal issues, and drawbacks, especially in the case of closed lists, that it builds a gap between the voter and the deputy of his constituency because his election is not for himself, but for his political party and political program.
 
The size of electoral districts 
The size of the electoral districts in the old and small follows the voting system and the distribution of seats. In individual elections, the country is divided into small electoral districts. And proportional representation.
 
 Electoral system
It is recognized that the political institutions in the state impose the rules of democratic practice, and it is often said that the political institution most vulnerable to manipulation, intentionally or unintentionally, is the electoral system, as the choice of the electoral system is of great importance and great impact, it affects the system Existing political parties, especially in their number and relative importance within parliament, also affect party cohesion and internal discipline. Some regimes encourage fragmentation, with several wings of a single party at odds, while others encourage parties to speak with one voice and rule out disagreement , Added to that th An electoral system that does not reflect the social reality, and which does not give the opposition the impression that the opportunity to win next time, will incite the losers to work outside the political system and resort to non-democratic and violent means, and the model of the electoral system affects Administrative and legal, such as distribution
 
Factors determining the state of its electoral system
 
1. At the request of the ruling authority in the form of the elected parliament.
 
2 - Based on political consensus between the parties in the state.
 
3 - Based on internal environmental factors that require a certain electoral system to form a parliament that reflects the structural representation of society.
 
The importance of the electoral system
The electoral process, however impartial and systematic, its results depend mainly on the electoral system in place, and since the choice of the system is often influenced by political considerations, it is necessary to possess the necessary knowledge about the electoral systems in force in the world as well as different experiences in this field, and The importance of the electoral system can be summarized as follows:
 
1. The electoral system chosen by a people may have a positive or negative impact on the political system.
 
2. A particular electoral system can ensure that forces are represented in Parliament commensurate with their size in society.
 
3. A particular electoral system can promote consensus among different parties, and another electoral system may lead to disharmony.
 
4. An electoral system can promote an effective and stable government and another system can create an unstable government.
 
5. The electoral system can lead to the formation of parliamentary opposition to certain limits, as is the case in most Arab countries.
 
6. An electoral system can paralyze parliament and bring it under government control when the majority party controls. 
 
7. The electoral system can encourage public participation by facilitating procedures and motivating them to participate, otherwise political participation is reduced.
 
Types of electoral systems
The electoral system plays an essential role and is an influential factor in shaping the political process because it casts a perversion on the level of public participation and the effectiveness of political forces and then the election results and thus determine the main features of the entire political process and therefore the electoral system gains all this importance, and there are several different electoral systems, and adopt this The electoral system or another depends on the nature of societies and the diversity of religious, sectarian, national and political components. The fruits of past democratic experiences and the utilization of their electoral systems to form an appropriate vision and adopt an optimal legal formula whose advantages are more than its disadvantages, considering that all electoral systems have advantages and interspersed with some disadvantages. 
 
First: the majority system
The majority system is the oldest electoral system and has long been the only one in place, and still enjoys the preference of more than 80 countries in the world, based on a study of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1993, the advantage of this system in its simplicity. This system before the emergence of political parties as the most popular candidate is elected, the majority system was established in Britain, and this system has been applied in particular in the countries of the Commonwealth, and in turn is divided into three sections: 
 
1. An absolute majority: it is one of the most widespread systems and is applied in France and the independent republics of the Soviet Union. At this rate, it will be necessary to hold a second election among the candidates who received the highest votes in the first round.
 
2 - simple majority: the simplest electoral systems because the candidate wins if he gets more votes than his competitors regardless of the difference of votes, and this system is applied in the United States, India and Italy, this system is characterized by being suitable for both individual and lists elections, as well as It is less costly than the first system because it does not need a second round of elections because it resolves the results in the first round.
 
3 - Proportional Majority (Qualifying): This is a low prevalence system due to the difficulty of the candidates obtaining the specific percentage that qualifies them to win parliamentary seats or any other position. This system was prevalent in Italy before the electoral reforms in 1993. The candidate had to obtain On 65% of the votes to win the Supreme Council of Parliament.
 
Majority system features:
- Simple and easy procedures.
- Helps to form a coherent and coherent parliamentary majority, which in turn leads to ministerial stability, and thus the government executive bodies will work in the form of one regular and coordinated team, which in turn reflects positively on the level of government performance and in the interests of peoples. 
 
Cons of the majority system
Under the majority system, the largest number of candidates representing their constituents cannot be delivered as they are in the proportional representation system, as voters cannot be represented in parliament because of the loss of their candidates.
 
... Continued
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2019/12/04 11:00
  • Number of readings 179
  • Section: Iraq
  •  

The Obelisk publishes the most controversial points in the election law

Baghdad / Obelisk: Obelisk publishes the most controversial points in the election law:

 1 - the issue of dual nationality.

Electronic voter card and biometric voting.

3 - depriving certain segments of the candidacy, such as presidencies and ministers and others.

 4 - the issue of elections abroad and the file of the displaced and the manner of their elections.

 5. Women quota, individual lists and ingredient lists.

 6 - the case of a single circuit to maintain multiple departments. "

7. Subject districts around which disagreements and disputes between the provinces and is more than 60 spend not resolved their subordination to maintain the expense of the other, as there are districts recorded Knuah the former Commission.

8. the issue of materials contained in the law and in need to constitutional amendments, including the number of the next members of the Council , a substance that can not be manipulated without constitutional amendments. the

obelisk

http://almasalah.com/ar/news/183407/المسلة-تنشر-أبرز-النقاط-الخلافية-في-قانون-الانتخابات

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