Spiked Camel Kava Java ‘Continued’ !

[DinarThug]

Parliamentary Finance of the "Covenant News": the formation of a committee to raise the exchange rate of the dinar against the dollar

 

By ahad5 19/08/2019 08:41 AM 

 

Ahd News - Baghdad

Revealed the Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, the formation of a committee to raise the price of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar.

"The Finance Committee has formed a sub-committee to maintain the exchange rate of the dinar against the US dollar," committee member Abdel Hadi Saadawi told Al-Ahd News on Monday.

He added, "The Committee will work in the future to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world, or at least maintain the current exchange rate to have a monetary power within the local market."

link

[DinarThug]

Parliamentary finance identifies a reason why coins should not be minted and advises the move

 

Political | 12:26 - 19/08/2019

 

 

 

BAGHDAD - Mawazine News 

 

identified the Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, on Monday, a reason to prevent the minting of coins, the introduction of a proposal before minting. 

Majid al-Waeli, a member of the committee, expressed the readiness of the committee to prepare any legislation required by the Central Bank, which could benefit the Iraqi economy and market, including the circulation of coins. 

"The committee respects the independence of the central bank and its monetary policy," he said.

And the MP Waeli, that "Iraq can not reproduce the experience of other countries in the use of those currencies, if it was in favor of the advancement of the economy; we can support this by listening to the justification and the views of the Central Bank 's view and then the appropriate legislation of laws for the continuation of the monetary policy The country has to proceed properly. " 

Committee member Jamal Kojer stressed that "all countries in the Middle East and the world have a coin", noting that "this type of currency gives strength to its economy." 

"We hope that the concerned parties can strengthen the currency so that small groups can have purchasing power in the event of the use of coins," Kojer said.
 
Committee member Ahmed al-Saffar said, "The cost of a coin is more than paper money, and it is more difficult to carry it on the citizen." 

He said al - Saffar, that " the winning of inflation in the economy prevents the sake of coins and make trading between citizens", suggesting that "be no step to delete the zeros precede the process of coinage metal to be there the value of small groups versus large" .anthy 29 / A 43

link

[DinarThug]

11 hours ago, DinarThug said:

FAMILY ...IT'S ALL OVER THE NEWS NOW ALL ABOUT RAISING THE VALUE...

DELTA

 

From Frankie ...

 

     

 

 

 

 

THERE ARE MANY MOMENTS AND MANY WORDS THAT I WILL FOREVER REMEMBER FROM OUR 11 YEARS OF STUDYING TOGETHER.  

FOR EXAMPLE............."WE WON".............."INTERNATIONALISM"...........LOL.............AND THE LATEST OF MY FAVORITES IS................"%$#@! FRANK EVERYONE KNOWS!!!"  LOL...........YES SIR.

TODAY AS WE SHARED YESTERDAY............THERE IS MORE AND YOU ARE READING IT !!! 

NOW PAY ATTENTION TO THE NEXT CLUSTERING OF POLITICAL POSTURING .............TO SEE THE SOURCES THAT ARE COMING OUT AND TALKING STRAIGHT FORWARD .............SOUNDING LOGICAL ...........ABOUT THE IRAQI DINAR SOON TO HAVE A CHANGE IN ITS VALUE............BY THE REMOVING OF THE 000'S AND INTRODUCING .........NEW SMALL CATEGORY NOTES AND THEIR FILS .............THE COINS THAT AUTOMATICALLY EQUAL A CHANGE IN THEIR EXCHANGE RATE.  

THANK YOU DELTA...........THANK YOU NEWSHOUNDS............THANK YOU GOD AMEN.

GOD BLESS YOU ALL AND SOLELY WITH HUMOR AND JOCULARITY ........................TO ALL THE NAYSAYERS AND NEGATIVE TROLLS THAT HAVE IRRITATED ME FOR 11 YEARS I BRING YOU A PEACE OFFERING IN THE FORM OF............A FRUIT.  PLEASE ENJOY..................."RASPBERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRY !!! "

SWEET ALOHA SEE YOU LATER TODAY.

[DinarThug]

Finance Committee: Reinstating the civil currency and deleting zeros

 

2019 - 08 - 19

 

The Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, on the trend to reintroduce the coin, which has been used for decades in the country, stressing the importance of pre-empting the coinage process step by "deleting zeros" from the current currencies to be valuable for small cash groups

Committee member Hanin al-Qadu said in a press statement, today (August 19, 2019), that "during meetings and discussions with officials at the Central Bank we stressed the need to re-work coins that were used in Iraq during the past decades, rather than paper that is damaged and printed in quantities Great again, "according to the morning newspaper

He added, "The use of metal categories and their descent for trading gives a notional value of the currency," noting that "the exchange rates of the currencies of a number of neighboring countries are very high against the dollar, however we find that it has a coin in order to preserve the currency and not need to ask for more banknotes." Especially with small groups. "

He expressed surprise at the policy of the Central Bank, which does not favor the introduction of coins for circulation in the Iraqi market

For his part, a member of Parliamentary Finance Majid al-Waeli readiness of the Committee to prepare any legislation required by the Central Bank, which could benefit the economy and the Iraqi market, including the circulation of coins

Ahmed al-Saffar, a member of the Finance Committee, said that "the cost of a coin is more than paper money

Saffar suggested that "there is a step to delete zeros preceding the coinage process to be a value for small groups to large"

Agencies

link

 

 

############

 

Notional Value

 

REVIEWED BY AKHILESH GANTI

 

 Updated Apr 3, 2019

What is Notional Value?

Notional value is a term often used to value the underlying asset in a derivatives trade. It can be the total value of a position, how much value a position controls, or an agreed-upon amount in a contract. This term is used when describing derivative contracts in the options, futures, and currency markets.

 

Notional Value

 

Understanding Notional Value
In market parlance, notional value is the total underlying amount of a derivatives trade. The notional value of derivative contracts is much higher than the market value due to a concept called leverage.

 

Leverage allows one to use a small amount of money to theoretically control a much larger amount. So, notional value helps distinguish the total value of a trade from the cost (or market value) of taking the trade, There is a clear distinction: the notional value accounts for the total value of the position, while the market value is the price at which that position can be bought or sold in the market place. The amount of leverage utilized can be calculated by dividing notional value by market value.

 

Leverage = Notional value ÷ Market Value

 

A contract has a unique, standardized size that can be based on factors such as weight, volume or multiplier. For example, a single COMEX Gold futures contract unit (GC) is 100 troy ounces, and an E-mini S&P 500 index futures contract has a $50 multiplier. The notional value of the former is 100 times the market price of gold while the notional value of the latter is $50 times the market price of the S&P 500 index.

 

Notional Value = Contract Size * Underlying Price

 

If someone buys an E-mini S&P 500 contract at 2,800, then that single futures contract is worth $140,000 ($50 x 2,800). Therefore, $140,000 is the notional value of that underlying futures contract. The person buying this contract is not required to put up $140,000 when taking the trade, though. Rather, they only need to put up an amount called the initial margin,(market value) which is usually a fraction of the notional amount. The leverage used would be the notional amount divided by the price of buying the contract. If the price (initial margin) for one contract was $10,000, then the trader was able to utilize (140,000/10,000) 14 times leverage.

 

Notional value is integral in assessing portfolio risk which can be very useful when determining hedge ratios to offset that risk. For example, a fund has a $1,000,000 long exposure to US equity market and the fund manager wants to offset that risk using the E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts. They would have to sell an approximately equivalent amount of S&P 500 futures contracts to hedge their market exposure risk. Using the above example, the notional value of each E-mini S&P 500 futures contract is $140,000 and the market value is $10,000.

 

Hedge Ratio = Cash Exposure Risk ÷ Notional Value of Related Underlying Asset

 

Hedge Ratio = $1,000,000 ÷ $140,000 = 7.14

 

So, the fund manager would sell approximately 7 E-mini S&P 500 contracts to effectively hedge their long cash position against market risk. The market value (cost) would be $70,000.

 

While notional value can be used in futures and stocks (total value of the stock position) in the ways discussed above, notional value also applies to interest rate swaps, total return swaps, equity options, and foreign currency derivatives.

 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Notional value is a term often used to value the underlying asset in a derivatives trade. Notional value of derivatives contracts is much higher than the market value due to a concept called leverage. Notional value is integral in assessing portfolio risk, which can be very useful when determining hedge ratios to offset that risk..

Interest Rate Swaps

In interest rate swaps, the notional value is the specified value upon which interest rate payments will be exchanged. The notional value in interest rate swaps is used to come up with the amount of interest due. Typically, the notional value on these types of contracts is fixed during the life of the contract.

Total Return Swaps

Total return swaps involve a party that pays a floating or fixed rate multiplied by a notional value amount plus the decrease in notional value. This is swapped for payments by another party that pays the appreciation of notional value.

Equity Options

Notional value in an option refers to the value that the option controls.

 

For example, ABC is trading for $20 with a particular ABC call option costing $1.50. One equity option controls 100 underlying shares. A trader purchases the option for $1.50 x 100 = $150.

 

The notional value of the option is $20 x 100 = $2,000. Buying the stock optioncontract would potentially give the trader control over a hundred shares of stock for $150 compared to if they purchased the stocks outright for $2,000.

 

The notional value of an equity options contract is the value of the shares that are controlled rather than the cost of the transaction.

Foreign Currency Exchange and Foreign Currency Derivatives

Foreign exchange derivatives like forwards and options have two notional values. Since these transactions involve two currencies, they both receive separate notional values. For example, if at the time of a trade the exchange rate between the British pound (GBP) and the US dollar (USD) is 1.5, then $1,000,000 USD is equivalent to 666,667 GBP.

link

[DinarThug]

Just Put A Hawaiian Flag On The Island And Tell The Bro’s That It’s Maui !  

 

 

     

 

 

 

LINK

Claims to establish an industrial island to export crude oil in the territorial waters

 

 

20th August, 2019

 

A source in the Ministry of Oil, on Tuesday, demanded the Council of Ministers, to approve the establishment of an industrial island to export crude oil in the territorial waters.

The source told Al-Ghad Press, "The ministry, in cooperation with the Dutch company (Boskalis), prepared a feasibility study on the project, and signed an agreement between the parties to establish the island, after obtaining the approvals of the Ministry of Transport and the National Investment Commission, to establish the island in Iraqi territorial waters." 

He pointed out that "the ministry sent to the Secretariat of the Council of Ministers, a draft agreement of principles (HOA) in Arabic and English for the purpose of reviewing the importance of the project from a strategic point of view, and obtaining the Council of Ministers, to sign the agreement of principles."

The source pointed out that "the purpose of the establishment of the project, given the old export facilities and exposure to erosion and interruptions in export operations, and exceeded their design life, in addition to the need for Iraq to sustain oil exports and exploit the territorial waters, because these exports are important for the economy of Iraq, and strengthen its sovereignty. Offshore, exploitation of oil fields and compositions."

[DinarThug]

LINK

High oil prices thanks to stimulus hopes and trade

 

 

20th August, 2019

 

Oil prices rose on Tuesday on optimism over easing trade tensions between the United States and China and hopes that major economies will adopt stimulus measures to stave off a possible economic slowdown that could hurt oil demand.

Brent crude rose 8 cents to $ 59.82 a barrel after gaining 1.88% on Monday, and US crude rose 9 cents to 56.30 dollars a barrel after rising 2.44% in the previous session.

Crude prices supported the bullishness of equities around the world with growing expectations that global economies will move to counter slowing growth.

A Reuters poll of seven analysts found crude oil inventories in the United States expected to fall by 1.9 million barrels in the week ending Aug. 19.

[DinarThug]

https://cbi.iq/news/view/1228

Annual Report 2018

 

 

20th August, 2019

 

Annual report of the Department of Total Quality Management and institutional development

Translation....

Page 3

 

In order to contribute to keep pace with developments and formulate new frameworks
for the vision of the Central Bank of Iraq, towards the sustainability of a successful
future for the work environment in accordance with the changes of the modern world,
and to build robust standards in accordance with international best practices and modern
standards applied in leading and distinguished banks, seeks to form a department
Total quality management to keep abreast of the latest developments and to improve
and simplify the work procedures continuously in line with the nature of the work of all
departments of the bank according to the strategic plans set for it.

 

Page 5

Ensure the existence of an internal system approved by the Central Bank clarifying the tasks

of each department in addition to the existence of an approved organizational structure on
which to base the tasks, responsibilities, duties and job description of each function:
Develop and improve the systems, mechanisms and procedures used in the bank, and apply
the latest methods and international standards to improve Increase the competence and
skills of staff based on fairness, transparency, efficiency and institutional performance
(analysis of working procedures). Participate in the preparation of the long-term strategic
plan of the Central Bank in coordination with the departments, taking into account the
vision, mission and objectives of the Central Bank and internal and external variables and
efforts directed to allocate resources and use and identify areas of excellence and initiative
to develop liaison relations and integration with all parties involved in the work of the
Central Bank The annual plan is in line with the long-term strategic plan and the results
of the implementation of previous years' plans. Standards and evaluation indicators of
implementation results and submit periodic reports of pro-criticism and media conduct
institutional performance evaluation annually and develop to you individual performance
evaluation and guide enough matrix

Page 6

Carry out internal audits on the procedures and documents required in the
international administrative systems such as (ISO 9001 Quality Management System,
OHSAS 18001, ISO Continuity 22301, etc.) applied in the Central Bank departments
and branches, and prepare the necessary reports and submit them to the Council.
Management Search and obtain quality certificates, occupational safety, environment
and other international standard certificates from internationally recognized
organizations or bodies OFFE View TB progress on all actions and initiatives proposed
and implemented by TQM and Institutional Development. Statistical questionnaires
to determine the level of satisfaction of collaborators and evaluate these data on a
regular basis and reduce the risk of honey and the proportion of its impact on the work
and procedures of the bank  Specialized and training workshops on
international standards issued by the International Organization for Sanctification,
Strategic Planning and Corporate Evaluation . Providing consultancy and
recommendations for testing the international pillars and obtaining ISO certificates in
the Central Bank and be a strategic partner with the departments seeking to apply
the international standards issued by international standardization organizations and
standards such as (BSI, ISO) and others

 

Page 7

The department has adopted the dual work method (matrix structure) according to the
nature of the tasks where the people carry out the predetermined tasks according to the
department's work plan and strategy, while the exceptional and developmental tasks
are implemented by the task force system to ensure the highest possible moral In
addition to the exchange of knowledge among employees and the promotion of integration
among them and the promotion of the spirit of cooperation and teamwork and
consolidation of new management concepts. A: Division of Systems and Standards:
Responsible for the implementation of global standards and disciplines, the top division
in girls as well as the preparation of the necessary requirements for obtaining
international accreditation certificates issued by institutions such as ISO and BSI in
addition to assume the tasks related to the adoption of the organizational structure and
procedures and job descriptions, as well as the development of models Second: Strategic
Planning Division: Responsible for the preparation and follow-up of the strategic plan
and levels of implementation and to identify and analyze the problems related to it. To
develop Almassta assess the work and study followed in the directorates of financial
and regulatory and administrative activity and procedures developed in accordance with
international accounting standards and international auditing standards and the
European Excellence Model (EFQM). The various divisions and teams work under the
supervision and guidance of the department's department to evaluate the style and
management of the administrator and the achievements and achievements of the members
of each team.

Page 8

 

International Auditing Standards and European Excellence Model (EFQM). The various
divisions and teams work under the supervision and guidance of the Department of Auto
to provide the style and management of the administrator and the achievements achieved
and the difficulties faced by the members of each team of human resources working in
the department. Professional in quality management and its utilities to ensure the total
knowledge of all operations of the Central Bank of Iraq and accomplish the tasks of the
department as shown in the below:: OFF) Master and Bachelor of Total Quality
Management Higher Diploma in Strategic Planning 1) Higher Diploma in Computer Science 

 

 

Page 9

The Central Bank of Iraq has obtained the ISO9001: 2015 certificate in the field of cash
management as part of its strategic mission of developing and reviewing the working
procedures adopted according to the regulations of the Central Bank of Iraq. Quality
Management ISO 9001, Occupational Health and Safety ISO 45001 and Business
Continuity 22310 ISO)  Efficiency Matrix Guide Developing yen-level
standard models All competency matrix for identifying training needs. Department of
Training and Describe and analyze Work is currently under way in the development of
the ESM Manual

Page 10

Approved specifications that are in the process of preparation, completion and operation
- International Standard (ISO17024: 2012) (Conformity assessment - General requirements
for individuals certification bodies). Rehabilitation of the Center for Banking Studies in
accordance with the requirements of the international standard (ISO17024: 2012)
Conformity assessment - General requirements for certification of individuals) in
coordination with the Department of Total Quality Management and institutional
development to be included in the plan | Strategy لعام To enable the department to
prepare a study and develop a rehabilitation plan, and work in accordance with the
EFQM OFF methodology - International Standard (OHSAS 18001: 2007) (Occupational
Health and Safety Management System). The senior management of the Central Bank
directed the need to implement the recommendations of the study (Evaluation of the
reality of occupational health and safety management in the Central Bank of Iraq
according to the requirements of the international standard (OHSAS18001: 2007), and
given the issuance of the international standard ISO 45001: 2018 on the management
system of occupational health and safety The implementation of the requirements of this
standard (policy and objectives of occupational health and safety: documentation of
honey procedures, preparation of the implementation plan of the standard and training
plan) in coordination with the occupational health and safety section of this bank -
International Standard (ISO: 19600: 2014) (Compliance Management System).The
preparation of policies and procedures of the observer aphorisms office in the Bank
of Iraq according to the Center on International Standard Guidelines Manual ISO19600:
2014 proverbs management system and make the initiative within the Strategic Plan
for the rehabilitation of the Bank's office in 2019 International | Organization 

Page 11
 
International Expense for Business Continuity System (Iso 2012: 22301: 2012) Coordination
with the Bank Departments after the formation of a team to work on the preparation of
the requirements of the standard and the development of a comprehensive plan for
business continuity in the Bank. Continuity of work in the event of an emergency and
determine the impact of the cessation of such work or activities, and received the answers
of departments and sections and work is being done to meet the requirements of the
standard - International Standard for the fight against corruption and bribery (MODO
1so37001: 2016). The application of the requirements of reducing bribery in accordance
with the international standard 37001: 2016 50 in the Central Bank of Iraq) for the
purpose of determining the importance of this system and what are the benefits in the
case of its application

 

Page 12
 

Auto 4) Reports of the Section (OFE Strategic Plan - Annual Report of the Strategic Plan
for 2016), (with the presentation of the Board of Directors) - Preparation of the report of
the first chapter of the follow-up to the Strategic Plan, (with the presentation of the
presentation of the Board of Directors). Second, Third and Fourth Follow-up to the
Strategic Plan for 2015, (with the preparation of a presentation by the Board of Directors):
Preparation of the report of the Government Program (through follow-up progress with
the relevant departments of the Bank, and the establishment of ratios of progress and
sent to the concerned authorities, Office of the Prime Minister, Secretariat of the Board
The Developing mechanisms to follow up the strategic plan through the following steps:
Updating the follow-up form for strategic initiatives: Developing special forms for
adding and deleting strategic initiatives - Establishing a database and statistical program
to follow up the objectives of the strategic plan

Page 13

Preparing a plan to prepare the branch of Basra in order to improve the reality of the
branch at all levels and equal to the rest of the departments and sections of the Central
Bank in accordance with the strategic plan of the Central Bank of Iraq Its objectives
during the year ۲۰۱۸, to be fully accomplished during Menna ۲۰۱۹. E) Job Description
In order to prepare the job description manual, technical support was provided to the
Bank's departments through the Job Description Committee headed by the Director
General of the Administrative Department. 9) Work to document the procedures of the
Office of Anti-Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism 020 OFF MODE 2. 45
2. 82. The work of the Office was reviewed, written and documented according to the
instructions of the Deputy Governor, which included (receiving reports of suspicious
transactions, preparing. Follow-up report of the Republic of Iraq to meet international
obligations, annual report of the activities of the library. Data, answering
questionnaires, exchanging information, requesting access to international
organizations, preparing training courses)

Page 14
 

Membership of Dubai Quality Group A delegation consisting of members from the
Department of Quality Management and Administrative Department headed by the
Director General of the Administrative Department of the annual meeting of Dubai
Quality Group in Dubai has been the following: The EFQM Organization will discuss
the requirements for the application of the EFQM model and its applicability in the
Bank in line with the next Strategic Plan. - Activating the benchmarking program
with Dubai Quality Group and EFQM. OFF MODE ۸ Quality Management Formations
Preparation of a study on future quality management formations in the banking sector
and guidelines for selection of consultants in quality management.

Page 15

Auto اجتماعات) Board Meeting Management System The Board Meeting Management
System has been set up and the approval of the Governor has been obtained for
approval by the Board of Directors. إعداد Preparation of the Employee and Customer
Satisfaction Questionnaire Form OFF The Employee and Customer Satisfaction
Questionnaire Form was prepared and applied to the Basra Branch during April and
applied to the Bank's departments and departments in the center within one year.
The General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers prepares questionnaires. OFF)
OFF MODE Output The draft IT Governance Guide for Banks sent by the ICT Department
has been reviewed for the purpose of reaching the final exit which in turn integrates
with the Governance Guide prepared by the Banking Control Department.

Page 16

إدارة Risk Management Enhancing and integrating the cooperation framework with the
Central Bank departments and departments, and then prepare a table showing the
potential risks of the department with the probability and impact ratios and the
development of mitigation measures for each risk, in addition to the nature of the
work of the department and its relationship with internal bodies and its relationship
with external bodies in coordination with the Risk Management Department. OFF 14)
Crisis Cells A team was formed from the Department of Quality Management and Risk
Management referring to the directives of the General Secretariat of the Council of
Ministers whose book numbered in the number x / ۲۹۷۲۱ and dated ۲۰۱۸/۸/۲۷ OFF
MODE ۱۰) The annual plan for the year ۲۰۱۹ A diagnostic plan was prepared for the
year ۲۰۱۹ المهام Included active, non-active and proposed tasks for 2008 with a
statement of functional need.

Page 17

Auto ۱۹) Participations Abroad Qassim participated in two working papers in the
workshop tagged (tools of quality management to solve work problems), which was
held at the Technical College of Management / Middle Technical University. -
Working Paper 1: Applying best practices using some quality tools in the bank to
solve business problems (Dania Yahya Kazem & Alaa Alaa Fanar). 'OFF - Working
Paper 2: Using the SWOT and Business Reengineering Model as a Quality Tool for
Continuous Improvement (ie Mohammad Asghar & Khawla Asaad Hashem) Developing
the skills of summer training students Based on the principle of cooperation with
universities and colleges, the department has trained students from Baghdad
University / College of Management and Economics and Administrative Technical
College / Baghdad. , And in the Association of Private Banks

Page 18

Auto تطوير) Develop the skills of employees Purpose To develop the skills of Qassim
employees and increase their experience The following courses, workshops and
seminars were held: (Explanation and interpretation of business continuity
management in the Iraqi banking sector in accordance with the international
standard (ISO22301: 2012) provided by the Association of Private Banks in Iraq.
Financial Stability Course provided by the Central Bank of Iraq Monetary and
Financial Stability Department and Al Dwah (Central Bank of Iraq Foreign Reserve
in a Study on the Currency Selling Window). 15 trainees (من trainees from the
Quality Management Department and ۲ trainees from the Quality Management
Division of the Central Bank of Iraq / Basra Branch). Certified Internal Resident
Certificate issued by the European Organization for Quality Management OFF.
EFQM OFF MODE. Course tagged (design and implementation of questionnaires)
for the period (8 - 2018/12/12) Training Course Accounting System (ICBS).
Training Course (Banking Risk Management). Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist
Financing training course and recommendations for FATI Round. Seasonal
Transformation in the Banking Sector

[DinarThug]

LINK

A deputy excludes the passage of education in the first sessions of the new chapter: we lack compatibility

 

 

20th August, 2019

 

Ruled MP for the Alliance Building Manar Abdul Muttalib, on Tuesday, pass the education candidate through the first sessions of the third legislative term, while showing that the political blocs did not agree on any candidate so far. 

Parliamentary Rapporteur Khadija Ali announced earlier that Prime Minister Adel al-Mahdi had authorized the Education Committee to choose a candidate for the Ministry of Education. 

Abdul Muttalib said in a statement to the information, that "members of the House of Representatives was busy performing the rituals of pilgrimage and travel of others outside Iraqcaused not to meet the political blocs and agree on a candidate for education," pointing out that "the political blocs did not put any name to take up the post of education so far”. 

She added that "the pass candidate of education needs political consensus for not being rejected in parliament as happened previously," excluding "the allocation of the first sessions of the third legislative term to pass the candidate of education."

[NEPatriotsFan1]

Can a Million Iraqi articles be wrong? 

 

So so far they have been.... Here’s to hoping that changes! 

 

Lots of educating of the citizens happening regarding small categories/ exchange rate/ notional value/ etc! 

 

Thanks Thuggie

[jaybake]

43 minutes ago, DinarThug said:

Finance Committee: Reinstating the civil currency and deleting zeros

 

2019 - 08 - 19

 

The Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, on the trend to reintroduce the coin, which has been used for decades in the country, stressing the importance of pre-empting the coinage process step by "deleting zeros" from the current currencies to be valuable for small cash groups

Committee member Hanin al-Qadu said in a press statement, today (August 19, 2019), that "during meetings and discussions with officials at the Central Bank we stressed the need to re-work coins that were used in Iraq during the past decades, rather than paper that is damaged and printed in quantities Great again, "according to the morning newspaper

He added, "The use of metal categories and their descent for trading gives a notional value of the currency," noting that "the exchange rates of the currencies of a number of neighboring countries are very high against the dollar, however we find that it has a coin in order to preserve the currency and not need to ask for more banknotes." Especially with small groups. "

He expressed surprise at the policy of the Central Bank, which does not favor the introduction of coins for circulation in the Iraqi market

For his part, a member of Parliamentary Finance Majid al-Waeli readiness of the Committee to prepare any legislation required by the Central Bank, which could benefit the economy and the Iraqi market, including the circulation of coins

Ahmed al-Saffar, a member of the Finance Committee, said that "the cost of a coin is more than paper money

Saffar suggested that "there is a step to delete zeros preceding the coinage process to be a value for small groups to large"

Agencies

link

 

 

############

 

Notional Value

 

REVIEWED BY AKHILESH GANTI

 

 Updated Apr 3, 2019

What is Notional Value?

Notional value is a term often used to value the underlying asset in a derivatives trade. It can be the total value of a position, how much value a position controls, or an agreed-upon amount in a contract. This term is used when describing derivative contracts in the options, futures, and currency markets.

 

Notional Value

 

Understanding Notional Value
In market parlance, notional value is the total underlying amount of a derivatives trade. The notional value of derivative contracts is much higher than the market value due to a concept called leverage.

 

Leverage allows one to use a small amount of money to theoretically control a much larger amount. So, notional value helps distinguish the total value of a trade from the cost (or market value) of taking the trade, There is a clear distinction: the notional value accounts for the total value of the position, while the market value is the price at which that position can be bought or sold in the market place. The amount of leverage utilized can be calculated by dividing notional value by market value.

 

Leverage = Notional value ÷ Market Value

 

A contract has a unique, standardized size that can be based on factors such as weight, volume or multiplier. For example, a single COMEX Gold futures contract unit (GC) is 100 troy ounces, and an E-mini S&P 500 index futures contract has a $50 multiplier. The notional value of the former is 100 times the market price of gold while the notional value of the latter is $50 times the market price of the S&P 500 index.

 

Notional Value = Contract Size * Underlying Price

 

If someone buys an E-mini S&P 500 contract at 2,800, then that single futures contract is worth $140,000 ($50 x 2,800). Therefore, $140,000 is the notional value of that underlying futures contract. The person buying this contract is not required to put up $140,000 when taking the trade, though. Rather, they only need to put up an amount called the initial margin,(market value) which is usually a fraction of the notional amount. The leverage used would be the notional amount divided by the price of buying the contract. If the price (initial margin) for one contract was $10,000, then the trader was able to utilize (140,000/10,000) 14 times leverage.

 

Notional value is integral in assessing portfolio risk which can be very useful when determining hedge ratios to offset that risk. For example, a fund has a $1,000,000 long exposure to US equity market and the fund manager wants to offset that risk using the E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts. They would have to sell an approximately equivalent amount of S&P 500 futures contracts to hedge their market exposure risk. Using the above example, the notional value of each E-mini S&P 500 futures contract is $140,000 and the market value is $10,000.

 

Hedge Ratio = Cash Exposure Risk ÷ Notional Value of Related Underlying Asset

 

Hedge Ratio = $1,000,000 ÷ $140,000 = 7.14

 

So, the fund manager would sell approximately 7 E-mini S&P 500 contracts to effectively hedge their long cash position against market risk. The market value (cost) would be $70,000.

 

While notional value can be used in futures and stocks (total value of the stock position) in the ways discussed above, notional value also applies to interest rate swaps, total return swaps, equity options, and foreign currency derivatives.

 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Notional value is a term often used to value the underlying asset in a derivatives trade. Notional value of derivatives contracts is much higher than the market value due to a concept called leverage. Notional value is integral in assessing portfolio risk, which can be very useful when determining hedge ratios to offset that risk..

Interest Rate Swaps

In interest rate swaps, the notional value is the specified value upon which interest rate payments will be exchanged. The notional value in interest rate swaps is used to come up with the amount of interest due. Typically, the notional value on these types of contracts is fixed during the life of the contract.

Total Return Swaps

Total return swaps involve a party that pays a floating or fixed rate multiplied by a notional value amount plus the decrease in notional value. This is swapped for payments by another party that pays the appreciation of notional value.

Equity Options

Notional value in an option refers to the value that the option controls.

 

For example, ABC is trading for $20 with a particular ABC call option costing $1.50. One equity option controls 100 underlying shares. A trader purchases the option for $1.50 x 100 = $150.

 

The notional value of the option is $20 x 100 = $2,000. Buying the stock optioncontract would potentially give the trader control over a hundred shares of stock for $150 compared to if they purchased the stocks outright for $2,000.

 

The notional value of an equity options contract is the value of the shares that are controlled rather than the cost of the transaction.

Foreign Currency Exchange and Foreign Currency Derivatives

Foreign exchange derivatives like forwards and options have two notional values. Since these transactions involve two currencies, they both receive separate notional values. For example, if at the time of a trade the exchange rate between the British pound (GBP) and the US dollar (USD) is 1.5, then $1,000,000 USD is equivalent to 666,667 GBP.

link

 

So, how does it mean to US and Iraq currencies?  Will you please explain it.  This went over my small brain. lol. 

[DinarThug]

20 hours ago, DinarThug said:

Parliamentary Finance: Directed to re-work the coin and delete the zeros from the paper currency

Iraqi coins that were previously in use

 

18 minutes ago, NEPatriotsFan1 said:

Lots of educating of the citizens happening regarding small categories/ exchange rate/ notional value/ etc! 

 

Thanks Thuggie

 

And Probably Not Just A Coin-cidence !  

 

 

     

 

Edited August 20, 2019 by DinarThug

[DinarThug]

1 hour ago, DinarThug said:

Parliamentary Finance of the "Covenant News": the formation of a committee to raise the exchange rate of the dinar against the dollar

 

By ahad5 19/08/2019 08:41 AM 

 

Ahd News - Baghdad

Revealed the Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, the formation of a committee to raise the price of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar.

"The Finance Committee has formed a sub-committee to maintain the exchange rate of the dinar against the US dollar," committee member Abdel Hadi Saadawi told Al-Ahd News on Monday.

He added, "The Committee will work in the future to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world, or at least maintain the current exchange rate to have a monetary power within the local market."

link

 

47 minutes ago, jaybake said:

So, how does it mean to US (As Investors) and Iraq currencies?  

 

They Are Discussing Raising The Exchange Rate of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world !  

 

     

[blknblu4evr]

Thank you for all that you do Thugster!! Truly appreciated!!

[DinarThug]

9 minutes ago, blknblu4evr said:

Thank you for all that you do Thugster!! Truly appreciated!!

 

Just Let Me Know If I Need To Stop By And See Any Of The Members Of Parliament !  

 

 

     

[DinarThug]

What's the use of coins at the moment ..

Economy | 08:10 - 20/08/2019

 

 

 

BAGHDAD - Mawazine News 

 

commented member of the Iraqi Economic Council Sadiq al - Mashat, on the statements of the Parliamentary Finance Committee on the Iraqi government 's quest to re - work coins. 

Al-Mashat said in a statement received / Mawazine News / a copy of it, that "the Iraqi government going at the moment to re-work coins is not positive because the financial developments in most countries of the world go to electronic currencies," indicating that "the work of electronic currencies in Iraq has been in great demand during Last few years. " 

He added: "More useful to the state is to reduce the use of currencies in general and urged the Iraqi consumer to pay electronically," indicating that "this measure provides the state the value of minting coins and the value of printing paper currency."

Al-Mashat called through the statement to "the importance of working in electronic currency rather than return to cash and metal," noting that "electronic currency can include small cash categories from one fils to one dinar and thus numbers upward for small cash categories." 

Al-Mashat said, "The banknotes will disappear after 30 years because of the high demand for electronic currency." 

The "Finance Committee in the Iraqi Council of Representatives announced on Monday (19-August-2019) the" government direction to reinstate the currency and delete zeros from paper currency in order to strengthen the national economy. "

link

[DinarThug]

14 hours ago, DinarThug said:

Parliamentary Finance Committee intends to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies

 

 

19th August, 2019

 

A member of the Parliamentary Finance Committee Abdul Hadi Saadawi said in a statement on Monday, August 19, 2019, that the Finance Committee will work to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world, or at least maintain the current exchange rate to have monetary power within Local market.

The Finance Committee in the House of Representatives revealed that there is a tendency to reintroduce the coin, which has been used for decades in the country, while members of the Committee proposed to pre-empt the coin minting process by “deleting zeros” from the current currencies to be valuable to the small cash categories.

Committee member Hanin al-Qadu told Al-Sabah semi-official newspaper on Monday, 19 August 2019, that during meetings and discussions with central bank officials, we stressed the need to reintroduce coins that have been used in Iraq during the past decades, rather than Paper that is damaged and printed in large quantities again.
He added, that the use of metal categories and their descent for trading gives a notional value of the currency, noting that a number of neighboring countries exchange rates are very high against the dollar and yet we find that it has a coin in order to preserve the currency and not need to request more banknotes, especially those with small categories. He expressed surprise at the policy of the Central Bank, which does not favor the introduction of coins for circulation in the Iraqi market.

For his part, a member of Parliamentary Finance Majid al-Waeli readiness of the Committee to prepare any legislation required by the Central Bank, which could benefit the economy and the Iraqi market, including the circulation of coins.

Al-Waeli told Al-Sabah that the committee respects the independence of the central bank and its monetary policy, stressing that the bank has technical autonomy by decision regardless of administrative affairs.

While member of the Committee Jamal Cougar, that all countries in the Middle East and the world have a coin, indicating that this type of currency gives strength to its economy.

Cougar told Al-Sabah that he hoped that the concerned parties could strengthen the currency so that the small groups could have purchasing power in case of using coins. Committee member Ahmed al-Saffar said that the cost of the coin is more than paper, and that it is harder to carry on the citizen.

Al-Saffar told Al-Sabah that inflation in the economy prevents the minting of coins and makes them circulate among citizens, suggesting that there be a step to delete the zeros preceding the coinage process to be a value for small groups against.

It is noteworthy that on 19/12/2018 Hoshyar Abdullah, a member of the Parliamentary Finance Committee MP from the change bloc that the Ministry of Finance did not make any adjustments to oil prices and the sale of oil prices and the dinar against the dollar in the draft budget for the year 2019.

Abdullah wrote on his official page on the social networking site Elvis, that an official letter arrived from the Federal Ministry of Finance to the Council of Ministers, where he kept the price of a barrel of oil at $ 56 and kept the proportion of crude oil daily export by 3.88 million barrels, and the region must export 250,000 barrels of these The rate, pointing out that the Ministry of Finance also kept the price of one dollar against 1182 dinars as it was in the previous draft ..

Abdullah said that the new draft of the general budget does not differentiate from its predecessor and there are no amendments and that Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds did not approve the previous draft and the new amendments do not solve the problems of any of those parties and parties.

Majid Shankali, a member of the Parliamentary Economy and Investment Committee, said earlier that the Central Bank’s recent procedures for selling the dollar in the public auction contributed to raising the value of the dollar against the dinar. Trying to harm the national currency for their own benefit.

Shankali added that the central bank is required to take supportive measures for the Iraqi dinar and to fight those who tamper with the security of the national economy, because the country’s interest is above all else.

Shankali demanded, the government to accelerate the development of the banking and industrial sector, especially what we note these days there is a significant rise in the price of the dollar against the Iraqi dinar, as he put it, calling for investment law legislation to help bring international companies to Iraq to develop infrastructure, while attributed the parliamentary finance earlier The decline in the exchange rate of the dinar against the dollar to the decline of financial revenues belonging to the state from oil sales, indicating that oil was sold at more than $ 100 a barrel and today its price has reached below $ 50 and this means that the revenues decreased by 50%, which affected the exchange rate National.

The Parliamentary Economy Committee said earlier that it discussed with the Central Bank Governor Ali Alaq the main reasons for the decline in the exchange rate of the dinar and effective solutions to the return of stability, noting that the central bank will take new measures to maintain the hard currency and the return of the stability of the exchange rate of the dinar against the dollar, stressing that the sale price The dollar in accordance with Article 50 of the budget reflected negatively on the Iraqi citizen pushed the Finance Committee to demand pumping dollars in the market.

On June 27, 2019, as the FATF Financial Action Task Force (FATF) gave Iran until June of the same year to tighten its laws on terrorist financing and anti-money laundering, there was uncertainty about the actual sources of funding. Star Four, a Texas-based organization, reported on Feb. 13, 2012 that Iran was systematically stealing large quantities of Iraqi oil in the south, and that the thefts had helped the Iranian government overcome its plight as a result of the international economic embargo.

 

8-20-2019   Intel Guru Frank26  ...

We have a total of about 21 articles about the coins...

yeah this is impressive...

article after article after article after article about the coins...

This step is monumental.  

This step is as close as you can get to the "second article" from the CBI...

that will explain everything to the citizens step-by-step. 

Article

"The Finance Committee in the House of Representatives revealed that there is a tendency to reintroduce the coin..."   ...

when they do reinstate their currency they will use the ATM machines and the banks to distribute the new small category notes...

the citizens now know even though it's not yet directly from the CBI...

 

Edited August 20, 2019 by DinarThug

[DinarThug]

Valid appearance: The adoption of fingerprint in electronic payment legal immunity

 

Tuesday 20 August 2019

 

Baghdad / morning 

 

Emphasis on the importance of the adoption of biometric (fingerprint) in electronic payment is necessary; being more discreet and secure in transactions and difficult to be manipulated by virtue of different fingerprint from one person to another, it raises the confidence of the beneficiary of electronic payment technology, and confirms that the customer himself is the real beneficiary of this service . 

 

Financial Advisor to the Prime Minister d. Mutahhar Mohammed Saleh stressed that "the adoption of biometric (fingerprint) in electronic payment is more stable and secure in financial performance, especially that the country is looking forward to the development of this detailed after witnessing a great interaction between the beneficiary citizen and mechanisms of work," pointing out that "fingerprint adoption limits Of cases of manipulation in all its forms that may accompany the process of electronic payment, especially since the fingerprint is different from one person to another and the impossibility of a similarity By that. "

 

Impossibility of forgery 

He added, "The adoption of the system of fingerprint work requires the physical presence of the applicant and the drawer, and thus cases of fraud are impossible." Can be delegated in any way. "

Member of the Baghdad Economic Forum Jassem al-Aradi urged the need to be a footprint in electronic transactions, which raise the rates of safety in dealing between human and advanced technology, as it represents the role of guarantor against any manipulation may be practiced in private accounts.

 

Advanced technology

He pointed out the importance that "the concerned authorities begin to support this trend and expand its spread by adopting the best advanced technology, especially that the country has human resources capable of dealing with developments in the field of finance globally and adopted in the country," pointing out that the size of the cash mass in the houses We need safe financial mechanisms to be transferred to the banking system to contribute effectively to the process of development and economic construction in all sectors. "

Aradi pointed out that "the experience of a mixed financial sector that achieves tangible successes is very important and comes to the benefit of the national economy, especially when the mechanisms of work under the supervision of the Office of Financial Supervision," stressing the importance of having national institutions capable of managing the financial sector in accordance with the mechanisms of international work for the role In attracting the global effort towards Iraq, the owner of an unspoiled economy is a kiss for major companies classified in Globe. "

 

National institutions

Between Aradi that the global smart card company, which is a national institution and a mixed sector foundations for electronic payment can be the focus of the great launch of the development of this financial joint in cooperation with the Central Bank of Iraq, the sectoral body that is responsible for supporting national institutions and the development of mechanisms and work evaluation, to be an integration in performance It results in successes that encourage the creation of local companies exclusively to promote competition and operate in sophisticated ways. 

 

Confidential information

He warned that "the national companies specialized in electronic payment is very important and can be a guarantor of the confidential information of the various security services. The salaries of the security services in national institutions and within the framework of local payment cards.  

It is noteworthy that the adoption of the fingerprint during the last period was able to discover more than 30 thousand double salaries in one of the departments, especially that the company KCard, for example, carrying the system of advanced fingerprint even on the MasterCard system and provide service to seven million subscribers 

لديها. 

link

[DinarThug]

5 hours ago, DinarThug said:

Parliamentary Finance of the "Covenant News": the formation of a committee to raise the exchange rate of the dinar against the dollar

 

By ahad5 19/08/2019 08:41 AM 

 

Ahd News - Baghdad

Revealed the Finance Committee in the House of Representatives, the formation of a committee to raise the price of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar.

"The Finance Committee has formed a sub-committee to maintain the exchange rate of the dinar against the US dollar," committee member Abdel Hadi Saadawi told Al-Ahd News on Monday.

He added, "The Committee will work in the future to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world, or at least maintain the current exchange rate to have a monetary power within the local market."

link

 

8-20-2019   Newshound Guru MilitiaMan  

"the Finance Committee will work to raise the price of the dinar against the dollar

and give it strength among other currencies in the Arab world,

or at least maintain the current exchange rate to have monetary power within Local market.“ 

This is not talking about a program rate! Imo.

[DinarThug]

LINK

Legal: The decision to lift immunity gives the right to bring MPs through Interpol

 

 

20th August, 2019

 

The legal expert Ali al-Tamimi, Tuesday, that the decision to lift the immunity of some deputies outside Iraq gives the right to bring them through Interpol, indicating the possibility of arrest at any border crossing or airport during their return.

Al-Tamimi told the / information / that "the decision to lift the immunity of any deputy comes after the issuance of an arrest warrant for the deputy being wanted for the judiciary." He added that "MPs issued arrest warrants can be returned to Iraq through Interpol and activate Iraq's diplomatic relations."

He explained that after the lifting of immunity every security element has the right to arrest deputies at the entrance to any border or airport once they reach Iraq, stressing that "the second step legally after the lifting of immunity will be issued arrest warrants for all ports, airports and checkpoints."

The speaker of the House of Representatives issued a decision on Tuesday to lift the horse from a number of deputies on the basis of arrest warrants issued by the Iraqi judiciary.

[DinarThug]

LINK

Trade completes electronic window project

 

 

 

The Ministry of Commerce announced on Wednesday the completion of the electronic window project for the issuance of import and export licenses, and launch the work of the website of the International Trade Point of Iraq to register public sector companies, which allows to achieve benefits through the existence of an integrated database allows the marketing of products and tenders and methods Buying and selling.

"The General Company for Exhibitions and Commercial Services in the ministry has completed the one-window project with the aim of issuing import and export licenses and linking them to border ports through an electronic system that facilitates procedures on the owners of companies and investors," Trade Minister Mohammed al-Ani said in a statement received. 

Al-Ani added that "working according to the electronic system within the single-window project comes within the framework of the implementation of the government program and facilitate the task of investors and companies in the introduction of goods and export of materials outside Iraq has been working through national companies and a short record period in comparison to the important role and many procedures that are related to the subject."

On the same level, the Minister of Commerce, "the launch of the site of the electronic point aimed at achieving many benefits and the impact of the advancement of the reality of the Iraqi economy and its openness to global markets," pointing out that "these benefits come to create a complete database of electronic commerce in the field of marketing products  He also offered tenders, methods of sale and purchase, the names of local and foreign companies, the publication of commercial legislation, shipping of all kinds, insurance, banks and all related to internal and foreign trade. 

The Minister of Trade also stressed, "Iraq Trade Point will activate the work of the private sector and promote the growth of the Iraqi economy and will be the focus of all international goods," pointing out that "the project needs infrastructure and database through which we can carry out electronic business." 
 

 

############

 

LINK

Commerce: Complete the electronic window project

21st August, 2019

[DinarThug]

LINK

Oil rises to $ 60

 

 

 

2019/8/21 11:07

 

 

Brent crude futures rose above $ 60 a barrel on Wednesday, after data showed a larger-than-expected drop in US crude inventories, but persistent fears of a possible global recession limited gains.

Brent crude was up 33 cents, or 0.6 percent, at $ 60.36 a barrel by 0654 GMT, after rising 0.5 percent on Tuesday.  US crude rose 17 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $ 56.30 a barrel.  Crude oil inventories fell 3.5 million barrels in the week ending Aug. 16, the API said on Tuesday. Analysts polled by Reuters had expected inventories to fall 1.9 million barrels. "Crude prices are likely to be supported by a positive inventory report from the American Petroleum Institute that may indicate the biggest drop in Cushing since February 2018, if approved by the Energy Information Administration, '' said Edward Moya, market analyst at Oanda in New York.

Inventories data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), due to be released at 1430 GMT on Wednesday, will be more closely watched than usual as the end of the peak US fuel consumption season approaches, analysts said.  Tensions in the Middle East remain under the spotlight, with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo saying on Tuesday that the United States would do everything possible to prevent an Iranian tanker in the Mediterranean from delivering oil to Syria in violation of US sanctions.  Oil prices were also supported by data showing a drop in exports from Saudi Arabia, the world's top crude exporter, in June.  A Saudi oil official told Reuters earlier this month that the kingdom plans to keep crude exports below 7 million bpd in August and September, despite strong demand from customers, to rebalance the market. However, the uncertainty surrounding the global economic outlook amid the US-China trade war has limited gains in oil markets.

[DinarThug]

23 hours ago, DinarThug said:

What's the use of coins at the moment ..

Economy | 08:10 - 20/08/2019

 

 

 

BAGHDAD - Mawazine News 

 

commented member of the Iraqi Economic Council Sadiq al - Mashat, on the statements of the Parliamentary Finance Committee on the Iraqi government 's quest to re - work coins. 

Al-Mashat said in a statement received / Mawazine News / a copy of it, that "the Iraqi government going at the moment to re-work coins is not positive because the financial developments in most countries of the world go to electronic currencies," indicating that "the work of electronic currencies in Iraq has been in great demand during Last few years. " 

He added: "More useful to the state is to reduce the use of currencies in general and urged the Iraqi consumer to pay electronically," indicating that "this measure provides the state the value of minting coins and the value of printing paper currency."

Al-Mashat called through the statement to "the importance of working in electronic currency rather than return to cash and metal," noting that "electronic currency can include small cash categories from one fils to one dinar and thus numbers upward for small cash categories." 

Al-Mashat said, "The banknotes will disappear after 30 years because of the high demand for electronic currency." 

The "Finance Committee in the Iraqi Council of Representatives announced on Monday (19-August-2019) the" government direction to reinstate the currency and delete zeros from paper currency in order to strengthen the national economy. "

link

 

8-21-2019   Newshound Guru G-Lin   Article: 

"What's the use of coins at the moment" 

Quote: 

"The "Finance Committee in the Iraqi Council of Representatives announced on Monday (19-August-2019) the

" government direction to reinstate the currency

and delete zeros from paper currency in order to strengthen the national economy."  

I think this is the first time I've seen the word reinstate. 

I like it.   re·in·state (rē′ĭn-stāt′) 

1. To bring back into use or existence. 

2. To restore to a previous condition or position.

[DinarThug]

8-21-2019   Intel Guru Frank26   Everyone knows... 

The US Treasury, the Iraqi citizens, the CBI, the GOI, the IMF…Everyone knows. 

Iraq is now on fire with the reinstatement of their currency.

[DinarThug]

8-20-2019   Newshound Guru Kaperoni   

Countries that LOP or redenominate due to failed monetary policy such as hyperinflation, 

tend to create monetary illusion which is usually done as a last resort.

Ultimately, this usually fails again. 

Iraq has been very successful,

therefore not a candidate for such an event.

[ChuckFinley]

On 8/20/2019 at 1:52 PM, DinarThug said:

 

 

And Probably Not Just A Coin-cidence !  

 

 

     

 

Thug - you are at your best lately.