Economic concepts: floating currency

[DWS112]

Economic concepts: floating currency

May 15, 2017

 

Flotation is leaving the exchange rate of a currency, any equivalence with other currencies, is determined according to the forces of supply and demand in the cash market.+
The different governments' policies towards their currencies float according to the level of emancipation of the national economy, and the adequacy of its performance, and the flexibility of its production apparatus. It is divided into the following floating formats:
Free float: it means leaving the currency exchange rate changes is determined freely with time, according to market forces, and only the intervention of monetary authorities to influence the speed of change in the exchange rate, not reducing that change, and follows this form of currency float in some advanced industrial capitalist countries such as the US dollar The pound sterling and the Swiss franc.
Flotation orbit: it means leaving the exchange rate is determined according to supply and demand with the resort's central bank to whenever the need arises to modify this price in exchange for the rest of the currency intervention, in response to a set of indicators such as the amount of the gap between supply and Tlpfi exchange market, and the prices of spot and forward exchange, and developments in the parallel exchange rate markets, and follows this form of floating in some capitalist countries and a group of developing countries, which pegs its currency to the US dollar exchange rate or the pound sterling or the French franc (previously) or a basket of currencies. Flotation policy has evolved to become one of the most important tools used by the monetary authorities to achieve economic goals, and the exercise of this policy intervention procedures including: the impact on the money market by influencing the movements of supply and demand, through the local currency selling or buying, influencing the interest rate to raise the price of discount or decrease. Impact on the volume of foreign trade through the quantification of import or export promotion.

[Wiljor]

Thanks DWS, looking forward to such a day 

[10 YEARS LATER]

2 articles today on floating the IQD ------ hmmmmm 

[Synopsis]

3 minutes ago, 10 YEARS LATER said:

2 articles today on floating the IQD ------ hmmmmm 

 

Oh, Yeah, 10 Years Later!

 

It wonderful to see Hope Floats, er, hopefully it is Hope Floating!

 

Go Moola Nova!

[10 YEARS LATER]

 Howdy BIG " S " I read on my break - gotta get back to my day job in a minute - on another IQD site, only 1 more district to take and Mosul is secure and thus " liberated " could you check on this to confirm or deny the accuracy of that report-have to get back to work. 

be back later today- THANKS 

[Synopsis]

9 minutes ago, 10 YEARS LATER said:

 Howdy BIG " S " I read on my break - gotta get back to my day job in a minute - on another IQD site, only 1 more district to take and Mosul is secure and thus " liberated " could you check on this to confirm or deny the accuracy of that report-have to get back to work. 

be back later today- THANKS 

 

Good Day to You, Sir!

 

I have been looking on Twitter and will look at other venues. They gotta be running out of ISIS and ammo so that aughta go quick!

[Synopsis]

Here is an article to suggest the 17 July district has been retaken. Other maps show only a part of this district is taken.

 

http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/80-families-set-free-major-held-district-western-mosul/

[Synopsis]

Here is another article saying Uraybi district is taken. This district also does not show on the maps for today as being taken by Iraqi Forces.

 

http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/iraqi-forces-take-western-mosuls-uraybi-district-one-last-havens/

Edited May 15, 2017 by Synopsis

[Synopsis]

Don't know how true this is but al-Baghdadi seems to have just abandoned Mosul.

 

http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/iraq/350021

 

I can't imagine al-Baghdadi was still there and could slip past Iraqi Forces and US monitoring.

 

If this is true and the remaining ISIS militants know it, the remaining areas in West Mosul could be taken quickly. Hey, if the main guy abandoned the caliphate he declared in the mosque - What's the use?

[Synopsis]

More news 30 July and 17 July districts are taken. 17 July was supposed to be an ISIS stronghold. There is a district close to the northern most bridge that is 60% taken by Iraqi Forces.

 

http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/iraq/350610

 

Tomorrow morning may indicate the rest of West Mosul is taken and the Old Mosul district is being retaken. Looks like we won't have to wait much longer.

 

I was looking for the "one last district needs to be taken from ISIS" article but haven't found it. However, with a significant amount of neighborhoods taken today, there may only be one remaining and may be mentioned in other news sources I have not been able to locate.

 

All The Best, 10 Years Later! 

[Wiljor]

Thanks Syn, sure appreciate you and tiger digging deep into this mess to keep us informed. I smell victory for the troops over there 

[Synopsis]

12 minutes ago, Wiljor said:

Thanks Syn, sure appreciate you and tiger digging deep into this mess to keep us informed. I smell victory for the troops over there 

 

Anytime, Wiljor! Hope your day is going your way! 

[10 YEARS LATER]

3 hours ago, Synopsis said:

 

Good Day to You, Sir!

 

I have been looking on Twitter and will look at other venues. They gotta be running out of ISIS and ammo so that aughta go quick!

Thank you Synopsis for checking on this-right you are: they certainly must be running outta " targets " rather quickly by now. 

As for the ammo-my reckoning on that is, as long as we're supplying ( I'll bet we are ) ammo, they'll run outta " targets " long before ammo runs short  

[ChuckFinley]

Just coming in Shift here. Thanks DWS, Synopsis, and 10YL. Great info and updates. I feel wie are closing in on the end.   Keep them coming. 

[nannab]

Ah Yup to all of the above ! 

[Synopsis]

54 minutes ago, 10 YEARS LATER said:

Thank you Synopsis for checking on this-right you are: they certainly must be running outta " targets " rather quickly by now. 

As for the ammo-my reckoning on that is, as long as we're supplying ( I'll bet we are ) ammo, they'll run outta " targets " long before ammo runs short  

 

32 minutes ago, ChuckFinley said:

Just coming in Shift here. Thanks DWS, Synopsis, and 10YL. Great info and updates. I feel wie are closing in on the end.   Keep them coming. 

 

Anytime, Gentlemen! Hope Your evening is going well!

 

Go Moola Nova!

 

[Officiallytook]

Hmm multiple articles on a float (in our faces)

 

 

I'm thinking more like flip the rate (while no ones looking) before everyone jumps on the ship of course...

[steveh12]

Float?

If I don't get to the bathroom soon,

I'm going to float!

[10 YEARS LATER]

7 hours ago, Synopsis said:

More news 30 July and 17 July districts are taken. 17 July was supposed to be an ISIS stronghold. There is a district close to the northern most bridge that is 60% taken by Iraqi Forces.

 

http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/iraq/350610

 

Tomorrow morning may indicate the rest of West Mosul is taken and the Old Mosul district is being retaken. Looks like we won't have to wait much longer.

 

I was looking for the "one last district needs to be taken from ISIS" article but haven't found it. However, with a significant amount of neighborhoods taken today, there may only be one remaining and may be mentioned in other news sources I have not been able to locate.

 

All The Best, 10 Years Later! 

 

You have been ONE very busy fellow today   " BIG S " - If you're not now, perhaps you should think of taking up Research Journalism. Well done Ole Son - thank you for these excellent updates.   

 

Not long now, I think I just felt a butterfly in the tummy ! ! ! !   

[Synopsis]

24 minutes ago, 10 YEARS LATER said:

 

You have been ONE very busy fellow today   " BIG S " - If you're not now, perhaps you should think of taking up Research Journalism. Well done Ole Son - thank you for these excellent updates.   

 

Not long now, I think I just felt a butterfly in the tummy ! ! ! !   

 

That is a high compliment from an esteemed colleague 10 Years Later - Thank You!   

 

Best Of Your Evening To You!

 

Go Moola Nova!

 

Edited May 16, 2017 by Synopsis

[davis411]

uhhhhh what happened

[jcfrag]

I know I don't want to see a float. RV at .86 to $1.17... and then let it float.  If they let it float without some commitment on them in their currency it'll be the same as the last time. Abadi kept telling everyone that there would be a significant increase in there currency. Nothing ever came of that.... Nor will it here if they are expecting the world to suddenly have faith in the IQD with no effort from them....  Talk is cheap! 

Edited May 16, 2017 by jcfrag

[DinarThug]

(by purifiers)

 

Float dinar .. is the solution to save foreign currency reserves

05.15.17

In recent years, officials, economists and even ordinary citizens have used the alarm to warn against a drop in Iraq's hard currency reserves.

The last statement on this matter was to the Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq and the agency on the relations, which confirmed three months ago that the balance of foreign reserves amounts to 49 billion dollars. The foreign currency balance has fallen by more than a third from a record high of $ 77 billion in mid-2014. This clearly indicates that there is a serious structural imbalance in the balance of payments that can not be resolved by easy administrative decisions, especially as indicators suggest a continued depletion of foreign exchange reserves in Iraq at the near and medium levels.

All this threatens to increase pressure on the national currency and cast further doubt on the country's ability to finance imports and necessary investments.

Everyone agrees on the reasons for the sharp drop in foreign reserves, mainly composed of US and European treasury bonds, as well as cash balances in the currencies of the dollar, the euro, the pound and the gold bullion. It is no different that the decisive factor behind this crisis is the collapse of oil prices since June 2014. Prices recovered relatively late in 2016 after OPEC and Russia decided to cut production rates, but the return of black gold prices to their previous levels remains a distant dream as the supply surplus persists for the foreseeable future. Hence, it is not permissible to rely on an imminent and imminent rise in prices.

However, another reason for the problem lies in lower interest rates at the global level, which also means that the CBI earns less money on US and European bonds and on foreign exchange reserves in foreign banks, which account for the lion's share of Iraq's foreign reserves.

Against the near-consensus on the reasons, there are significant differences in the proposed solutions to the crisis of the collapse of foreign exchange reserves. Most of the members of the Economic Committee in the House of Representatives and many of those interested in economic affairs focus on combating money laundering and what they call "smuggling" of hard currency and the black market and criticizing the currency auction of the Central Bank and even demanding the suspension on the grounds of suspicion of corruption in the sale of dollars to private banks and banking companies.

Some also proposed charging for foreign currency conversion. Some even go so far as to call for a monopoly on hard currency by the state and to prohibit the treatment of citizens and private companies.

Combating money-laundering, smuggling and potential corruption remains an important and pressing issue regardless of the size of the currency reserve. In this regard, there are laws that the Central Bank and other state bodies must strictly enforce. But the legitimacy of these measures does not justify the call to impose arbitrary administrative restrictions on dealing in hard currency and look at the dollar and the euro as a saved fortunes can not touch. The demand for state monopoly on hard currency is, to say the least, an essential feature of totalitarian regimes.

Hitler and Stalin entered the history of economics as the first to apply this monopoly as a permanent principle of economic policy. This principle then became a dominant policy in socialist countries and in developing countries that followed the strategy of public sector dominance. Like Saddam Hussein, the tyrant has "masterminded" the control of hard currency in the country until it has already become the preserve of him and his family and close associates.

The result of this sterile policy was not limited to the recovery of the black market, the collapse of the Iraqi dinar and the deepening of imbalances in the distribution of income, but also to the emergence of harmful social phenomena and behaviors. There is no doubt that many Iraqis remember how some foreigners and Iraqi expatriates acted during the siege as if they were "kings" simply because they had a few hundred dollars.

In short, it can be said that resorting to administrative procedures to impose arbitrary restrictions on dealing in hard currencies and their conversion and other "easy" measures will not solve the problem of depletion of foreign exchange reserves, but will lead to the adverse results of the decline in confidence in the national currency and the speculation and black market and direct damage to the interests of Citizens and restrictions on their freedom of travel, treatment, study abroad and others.

The solution to the problem of serious decline in the reserves of foreign currency requires primarily economic measures and not administrative, especially the implementation of difficult reforms in the area of exchange rate and the activation of customs tax. It is quite clear that after 2014, the value of the Iraqi dinar against the dollar has been overstated under the new circumstances resulting from continued low oil prices.

However, the central bank did not move and only reduced the value of the Iraqi dinar in late 2015 by a small percentage did not exceed 2%. A slight reduction not commensurate with the financial and economic variables of the country.

It is clear that the central bank adheres to the fixed exchange rate policy and pegs the dinar to the dollar. If this policy is necessary and justified after 2003 and has succeeded in establishing the necessary monetary stability for the development process, clinging to it infinitely does not benefit the Iraqi economy in the long term. The central bank's reluctance to adopt exchange rate flexibility appears to reflect concerns about the potential political and social costs of devaluing the dinar against other currencies and the expected rise in the prices of imported goods.

On the other hand, this hesitation confirms the fears of circumventing the constitutional independence of the Central Bank and its increasing dependence on the government, especially after the ousting of the former leadership of the bank headed by Sinan Shabibi on the basis of accusations of fabricated and malicious corruption.

But this situation will not serve to maintain monetary stability, which requires now to take decisive and bold actions, foremost of which is a clear reduction in the dinar exchange rate. Such a step could "trap" more than one bird with one stone: first, reduce demand for hard currency and imported goods; secondly, improve the competitiveness of domestic production; and thirdly, raise state budget revenues and thereby reduce the fiscal deficit.

This is confirmed by the experiences of several countries, including Russia and Egypt. In 2014, Russia was in a very difficult position due to the collapse of oil prices and the imposition of economic sanctions by the West. But expectations of the collapse of the Russian economy have not materialized. Thanks mainly to a certain correlation between the Russian ruble exchange rate and world oil prices.

This has left the ruble more than half its value against the dollar in 2015, but at the same time it has stabilized the price of ruble oil, thus preventing the collapse of state revenues. This would not have been possible had the Russian central bank not floated the ruble in November 2014.

A similar positive experience provided by Egypt, which also in late 2016 floated the pound. Despite the controversy surrounding the impact on the life of the Egyptian citizen, this was the difficult decision to record successive rises in Egypt's foreign exchange reserves.

It will be said, of course, that the conditions of Russia and Egypt differ from Iraq, and this is self-evident and does not delay, because the circumstances of each country differ from another country, but this does not prevent the benefit of the experiences of other countries, especially that Russia, like Iraq, energy.

The situation in the Iraqi economy forces the central bank to move and adopt a flexible policy in the exchange rate in preparation for floating the dinar against other currencies in the medium term.

Managed Floating, which allows the central bank to intervene to prevent sharp and dangerous fluctuations in the dinar exchange rate, can be used here.

The attempt to solve the problem of the decline of Iraq's foreign exchange reserves by "easy" decisions will mean only perpetuation and adventure to generate other crises.
 

https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Falnujaba.tv%2F9439--.html&anno=2&sandbox=1

 

[10 YEARS LATER]

1 hour ago, Synopsis said:

 

That is a high compliment from an esteemed colleague 10 Years Later - Thank You!   

 

Best Of Your Evening To You!

 

Go Moola Nova!

 

Kind words indeed Sir - you be busting butt giving much valuable insight & updates that keeps ME sane, daily. I know the rest of the DV gang also appreciates your time and valued  - - - 

[sandfly]

Thanks let it fly